Summary of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
Summary of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates are molecules that are synthesized from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. Some types of carbohydrates consist of a single unit consisting of a few atoms, while other carbohydrates consists of thousands of units linked together through chemical bonds. Glucose, maltose, and glycogen are three carbohydrates that are similar, but structurally different. Carbohydrates have the general molecular formula CH2O. Starch and cellulose are the two most common carbohydrates. Both are polymers (hence "polysaccharides"); that is, each is built from repeating units, monomers, much as a chain is built from its links. The monomers of both starch and cellulose are the same: units of the sugar glucose. Carbohydrates are one of the four major classes of organic compounds in living cells. They are produced during photosynthesis and are the main sources of energy for plants and animals. The term carbohydrate is used when referring to a saccharide or sugar and its derivatives. Carbohydrates can be simple sugars or monosaccharides, double sugars or disaccharides, or composed of many sugars or polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Carbohydrates are found in one of three forms:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Functions of Carbohydrates:
Substrate for respiration.
Intermediate in respiration.
Energy stores (e.g. starch, glycogen).
Structural.
Transport
Recognition of molecules outside a cell (e.g. attached to proteins or lipids on cell surface membrane).
Monosaccharides
The simplest form of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide. 'Mono' means 'one' and 'saccharide' means 'sugar'. Monosaccharides are either aldoses or ketoses. Aldoses such as glucose consists of a carbon backbone and a carbonyl group (C=O) located at the end of the chain. Ketoses such as fructose consists of a carbon backbone with a carbonyl group located at any other
Carbohydrates are molecules that are synthesized from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. Some types of carbohydrates consist of a single unit consisting of a few atoms, while other carbohydrates consists of thousands of units linked together through chemical bonds. Glucose, maltose, and glycogen are three carbohydrates that are similar, but structurally different. Carbohydrates have the general molecular formula CH2O. Starch and cellulose are the two most common carbohydrates. Both are polymers (hence "polysaccharides"); that is, each is built from repeating units, monomers, much as a chain is built from its links. The monomers of both starch and cellulose are the same: units of the sugar glucose. Carbohydrates are one of the four major classes of organic compounds in living cells. They are produced during photosynthesis and are the main sources of energy for plants and animals. The term carbohydrate is used when referring to a saccharide or sugar and its derivatives. Carbohydrates can be simple sugars or monosaccharides, double sugars or disaccharides, or composed of many sugars or polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates contain 3 elements:
Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Carbohydrates are found in one of three forms:
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Functions of Carbohydrates:
Substrate for respiration.
Intermediate in respiration.
Energy stores (e.g. starch, glycogen).
Structural.
Transport
Recognition of molecules outside a cell (e.g. attached to proteins or lipids on cell surface membrane).
Monosaccharides
The simplest form of carbohydrates is the monosaccharide. 'Mono' means 'one' and 'saccharide' means 'sugar'. Monosaccharides are either aldoses or ketoses. Aldoses such as glucose consists of a carbon backbone and a carbonyl group (C=O) located at the end of the chain. Ketoses such as fructose consists of a carbon backbone with a carbonyl group located at any other