Theories of Motivation
Theories of Motivation
Arousal:
* A person’s state of alertness and mental and physical activation.
Arousal Theory: * People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. * The optimal level is different for all of us.
Stimulus Motives: * Motives that cause us to increase stimulation. * Appear to be unlearned, * Curiosity, exploration, and play that occur when your arousal is too low.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Yerkes-Dodson Law: * Principle that performance on a task is best when arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task: * Higher arousal for simple tasks. * Moderate arousal level for moderate tasks. * Low arousal for difficult tasks.
Sensory Deprivation: * A condition in which sensory stimulation is reduced to a minimum or eliminated.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs: * This theory accounts for the range of human motivation. * Motives at each successive level must be satisfied before higher ones can be considered. * Physiological needs (for water, food, sleep, sex, and shelter) are satisfied before safety and security needs.
Social Motives
Social motives: * Motives acquired through experience and interaction with others.
Need for achievement: * Need to accomplish something difficult at a high standard of excellence. * Hope of success * Fear of failure * The motivation to avoid failure can cause us to work harder to achieve success.
THEMATIC APPERCETION TEST (TAT):
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): * Projective test consisting of drawings of ambiguous human situations which the subject describes. * Reveals inner feelings, conflicts, and motives.
COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS
Physical Component: * The physiological arousal that accompanies the emotion
Cognitive Component: * The way we perceive or interpret a stimulus or situation, determines our emotions.
Behavioural Component: * The outward expression
Arousal:
* A person’s state of alertness and mental and physical activation.
Arousal Theory: * People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. * The optimal level is different for all of us.
Stimulus Motives: * Motives that cause us to increase stimulation. * Appear to be unlearned, * Curiosity, exploration, and play that occur when your arousal is too low.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Yerkes-Dodson Law: * Principle that performance on a task is best when arousal level is appropriate to the difficulty of the task: * Higher arousal for simple tasks. * Moderate arousal level for moderate tasks. * Low arousal for difficult tasks.
Sensory Deprivation: * A condition in which sensory stimulation is reduced to a minimum or eliminated.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs: * This theory accounts for the range of human motivation. * Motives at each successive level must be satisfied before higher ones can be considered. * Physiological needs (for water, food, sleep, sex, and shelter) are satisfied before safety and security needs.
Social Motives
Social motives: * Motives acquired through experience and interaction with others.
Need for achievement: * Need to accomplish something difficult at a high standard of excellence. * Hope of success * Fear of failure * The motivation to avoid failure can cause us to work harder to achieve success.
THEMATIC APPERCETION TEST (TAT):
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): * Projective test consisting of drawings of ambiguous human situations which the subject describes. * Reveals inner feelings, conflicts, and motives.
COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONS
Physical Component: * The physiological arousal that accompanies the emotion
Cognitive Component: * The way we perceive or interpret a stimulus or situation, determines our emotions.
Behavioural Component: * The outward expression