Translation Techniques
Translation Techniques
Direct Translation Techniques :-
Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques include:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Borrowing
Borrowing is the taking of words directly from one language into another without translation. Borrowed words are often printed in italics when they are considered to be "foreign".
E.g. Cafeteria كافيتريا - supermarket سوبر ماركيت - play station بلاي ستيشين – lorry لوري - android اندرويد
Calque
A calque or loan translation is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word-for-word.
E.g. Antibiotic مضاد حيوي - state university جامعة حكومية – brain drain هجرة الادمغه - sacrificial lamb كبش فداء - Poet Laureate امير الشعراء
Literal Translation
A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure. In literal translation, the denotative meaning of words is taken as if straight from the dictionary, but TL grammar is respected.
E.g. I like tennis. احب التنيس - bad news اخبار سيئه - The likes of these things have much demand now. مثل هذه الاشياء عليها اقبال كثير الان
Oblique Translation Techniques :-
Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language.
Oblique translation techniques include:
Transposition
Modulation
Reformulation or Equivalence
Adaptation
Compensation
Transposition
This is the process where parts of speech change their sequence when they are translated It is in a sense a shift of word class. Grammatical structures are often different in different languages.
E.g. Red card كرت احمر ( the sequence of adjective followed by a noun changed ) Black car سيارة سوداء - I ate an apple.
Direct Translation Techniques :-
Direct Translation Techniques are used when structural and conceptual elements of the source language can be transposed into the target language. Direct translation techniques include:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Borrowing
Borrowing is the taking of words directly from one language into another without translation. Borrowed words are often printed in italics when they are considered to be "foreign".
E.g. Cafeteria كافيتريا - supermarket سوبر ماركيت - play station بلاي ستيشين – lorry لوري - android اندرويد
Calque
A calque or loan translation is a phrase borrowed from another language and translated literally word-for-word.
E.g. Antibiotic مضاد حيوي - state university جامعة حكومية – brain drain هجرة الادمغه - sacrificial lamb كبش فداء - Poet Laureate امير الشعراء
Literal Translation
A word-for-word translation can be used in some languages and not others dependent on the sentence structure. In literal translation, the denotative meaning of words is taken as if straight from the dictionary, but TL grammar is respected.
E.g. I like tennis. احب التنيس - bad news اخبار سيئه - The likes of these things have much demand now. مثل هذه الاشياء عليها اقبال كثير الان
Oblique Translation Techniques :-
Oblique Translation Techniques are used when the structural or conceptual elements of the source language cannot be directly translated without altering meaning or upsetting the grammatical and stylistics elements of the target language.
Oblique translation techniques include:
Transposition
Modulation
Reformulation or Equivalence
Adaptation
Compensation
Transposition
This is the process where parts of speech change their sequence when they are translated It is in a sense a shift of word class. Grammatical structures are often different in different languages.
E.g. Red card كرت احمر ( the sequence of adjective followed by a noun changed ) Black car سيارة سوداء - I ate an apple.