What Is The Significance Of The Economy In Chapter 26 The West And The World

Chapter 26: The West and the World
I. Industrialization and the World Economy
A. The Rise of Global Inequality
1. The ultimate significance of the Industrial Revolution was that it allowed those regions to increase their wealth and power.
B. The World Market
1. After the repeal of the Corn Laws Britain is able to become the world’s single best market
2. The growth of trade was facilitated by railroads
3. The steam engine also revolutionize sea travel
4. Suez and Panama Canal were of great importance of for intercontinental trading
C. The Opening of China and Japan
1. China
Traditional Chinese civilization were able to support themselves, but regulated trade under the Qing Dynasty
1836: Canton, an independent British colony in China
1842: Opium Trade/War and the
Treaty of Nanking the imperial government was forced to give up the island on Hong Kong to Britain forever, pay $100 million and open up 4 large cities to foreign trade with low tariffs.
2. Japan
1640: Japan isolates itself
1825: Japanese officials are commanded to “drive away foreign vessels without second thought”
1853: Commodore Matthew Perry and Edo Bay demanded diplomatic relations with the Emperor, they reluctantly signed a treaty that opened two ports and permitted trade
D. Western Penetration of Egypt
1. Since 525 B.C the ancient land of the Pharaohs had been occupied by foreigners, most recently the Ottoman Turks
2. 1798: Was invaded under Napoleon Bonaparte
3. First appointed Governor of Egypt Muhammad Ali drafted the illiterate, peasant masses and French and Italian officers to train.
By 1849 Egypt was virtually an independent state
Used tenant farming to mass produce agriculture

4. 1863: Ismail will rule Egypt with the same policies, but will put the country into debt
5. 1879: Colonel Ahmed Arabi and the creation of the Egyptian Nationalist party

II. The Great Migration
A. The Pressure of Population
1. Population began to boom by the 20th century lead to the large amount of immigrants
2. More men and women migrated out of Europe before World War I
3. Different countries had different movement patterns
4. Although the US had a large number of immigrants, Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand also saw large numbers.
B. European Migrants
1. Were mostly village craftsmen and small peasant landowners
2. A Vast majority were young and unmarried, ready to work and to buy cheap North American land
3. Many Europeans moved, but stayed on the continent
Jews from Eastern Europe and Ireland: Great Britain
Russians and Poles: Germany
Latin people from Spain, Portugal and Italy: France
4. Swallows: those who harvested wheat and flax in Italy then they “flew” to Argentina to harvest the same there
C. Asian Migrants
1. As a response to rural hardship
2. At least 3 million migrated before 1920, most would become indentured laborers
3. Great White Walls: discriminatory laws designed to Asians out
III. Western Imperialism (1880-1914)
A. The Scramble for Africa
1. A rush by the Europeans for land with raw materials
2. The Boers and the Cape of Good Hope dispute with the British settlers, led to war and British victory
3. Leopold II and the Congo: misuses and exploitation
4. Berlin Conference: the peacefully distribution of African land to Europe
B. Imperialism in Asia
1. 1815: Dutch controlled Java in the East Indies
2. 1890’s: Russia controlled Muslim areas in Caucasus and in Central Asia
3. 1898: United States controlled the Philippines
C. Causes of the New Imperialism
1. Economic Motives: the need for raw materials and places to industrialize
2. Social tensions and domestic political conflicts: new place for the ousted group
3. Special interest groups: shipping companies needed places to stop and refuel
4. White man’s burden: warnings and costs of imperialism
5. Spread of Christianity
D. Critics of Imperialism
1. J. A. Hobson (1858-1940) Imperialism the rush to acquire colonies was to due to the economic needs of unregulated capitalism, particularly the need of the rich to spend their money the quest for empire diverted attention away from domestic reform and the need to reduce the gap between the rich and poor
2. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) Heart of Darkness the pure selfishness of the Europeans “civilizing” Africa could turn a scholar into a savage
3.
Europeans had a double standard, they were winning land and gaining liberties while taking the same away in Africa and Asia
IV. Responses to Western Imperialism
A. General Responses
1. attempt to drive the foreigners out
B. Empire in India
1. Great Rebellion (1857-1858) attempt by the established ruling classes to drive the while man out by military force
Britain will directly rule India
2. British Women: would actually attempt to make the lives of Muslim and Hindu women better and move them closer through education and legislation
3. A well educated, English speaking Indian bureaucracy and modern communications gave Britain a unified, powerful state
4. 1805: Hindu Indian National Congress demanded equality and self government that Britain had granted other colonies
5. 1907: the Indian Nation Congress were calling for complete independence
C. The Example of Japan
1. Emperor, Shogun: real leader, Samurai: warrior class
2. Meiji Restoration (1870-1900)
1871: new leaders abolished the old feudal structure and a free and competitive economy
A powerful modern navy was assembled many ideas borrowed from the West
By 1890: authoritarian constitution and rejected
democracy
3. Meiji Imperialism
1876: Korea
1894-1895: Sino-Japanese War, Manchuria
1904: defeated Russia
D. Toward Revolution in China
1. Temporary governments were effective
2. Destructive foreign aggression lessened
3. 100 Days of Reform: similar to the Meiji Restoration