This paper will define civil war and why does it occur. In addition, it will cover civil war in Somalia in 1991 till present and Iraq civil war in the 2006 to 2008 before the invasion of US. These two countries will be used to explain why politics turn into violence. The causes of civil war are due to many factors such as nationalism, failed state, economy, territorial ambition, religious difference or ethnicity, bad leaders, competition of political ideology, natural resources, grievance or greed and insurgency. However, this paper will cover failed state, religion difference or ethnicity, bad leader, national resources, geopolitics, economy, insurgency, greed and weak state to explain politics turning into violence in Iraq and Somalia.
Civil war is defined as any equipped battle by both sides locally that involves soldierly fighting internal, the active participation of the national government and effective resistance. The civil war is divided into internal or intra state war and interstate or extra state war, which can be colonial and imperial. The main distinction between the two was that the internality of the war to the territory and the participation of the government as a combatant. There are some other requirements that can further distinguish civil war from other forms of internal armed conflict, which involves the state violence to be sustained and reciprocated and the war exceeds a certain threshold of deaths that is typically more than 1,000 people ().
However, Civil wars tend to be hard to differentiate from other forms of political violence, which becomes difficult to understand when the war has started and when ended. Firstly, it’s already difficult to separate the difference between extra state and intrastate wars, like the Russian civil war in Chechnya in the 1990s, which was thought to be decolonization war similarly to Cameroon’s