A Control Framework for the Smart Grid for Voltage Support Using Agent-Based Technologies
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 2, NO. 1, MARCH 2011
173
A Control Framework for the Smart Grid for Voltage
Support Using Agent-Based Technologies
Angel A. Aquino-Lugo, Member, IEEE, Ray Klump, Member, IEEE, and Thomas J. Overbye, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—The introduction of remotely controlled network devices is transforming the way the power system is operated and studied. The ability to provide real and reactive power support can be achieved at the end-user level. In this paper, a framework and algorithm to coordinate this type of end-user control is presented. The algorithm is based on a layered architecture that would follow a chain of command from the top layer (transmission grid) to the bottom layer (distribution grid). At the distribution grid layer, certain local problems can be solved without the intervention of the top layers. A reactive load control optimization algorithm to improve the voltage profile in distribution grid is presented. The framework presented in this paper integrates agent-based technologies to manage the data and control actions required to operate this type of architecture.
Index Terms—Distributed control, incident command system, intelligent agents, reactive power resources, voltage control.
I. INTRODUCTION
T
ODAY, the power grid is transforming and evolving into a faster-acting, potentially more controllable grid than in the past. This so-called “smart grid” will incorporate new digital and intelligent devices to replace the old analog devices in the power network. These new devices would allow remote control and operation, providing an opportunity for new control schemes and algorithms.
Many proponents of the smart grid think that controlling enduser devices, such as loads, will help the power grid during stress and abnormal situations. For example, the Grid Friendly
Appliance controller developed at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) [1] will sense grid conditions by monitoring
173
A Control Framework for the Smart Grid for Voltage
Support Using Agent-Based Technologies
Angel A. Aquino-Lugo, Member, IEEE, Ray Klump, Member, IEEE, and Thomas J. Overbye, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract—The introduction of remotely controlled network devices is transforming the way the power system is operated and studied. The ability to provide real and reactive power support can be achieved at the end-user level. In this paper, a framework and algorithm to coordinate this type of end-user control is presented. The algorithm is based on a layered architecture that would follow a chain of command from the top layer (transmission grid) to the bottom layer (distribution grid). At the distribution grid layer, certain local problems can be solved without the intervention of the top layers. A reactive load control optimization algorithm to improve the voltage profile in distribution grid is presented. The framework presented in this paper integrates agent-based technologies to manage the data and control actions required to operate this type of architecture.
Index Terms—Distributed control, incident command system, intelligent agents, reactive power resources, voltage control.
I. INTRODUCTION
T
ODAY, the power grid is transforming and evolving into a faster-acting, potentially more controllable grid than in the past. This so-called “smart grid” will incorporate new digital and intelligent devices to replace the old analog devices in the power network. These new devices would allow remote control and operation, providing an opportunity for new control schemes and algorithms.
Many proponents of the smart grid think that controlling enduser devices, such as loads, will help the power grid during stress and abnormal situations. For example, the Grid Friendly
Appliance controller developed at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory (PNNL) [1] will sense grid conditions by monitoring
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