A Critical Reconstruction of Evolutionary, Marxist and Modernization Theories
Abstract:
This paper focuses on three very significant theories of Social Science namely the Evolutionary Theory, Marx’s Theory and Modernization Theory. It tries to discuss the theories from different dimensions as to give a clear picture of the theories. The main goal of this paper is to cover every aspect of these theories as briefly as possible.
Evolutionary Theory:
Introduction
Society presents a sue generis reality: a real existence in which it manifests properties other than and separate from those of individuals - social determinism. All social organisms evolve: they go through a process of gradual, cumulative, and determinable change from an infant state to a mature state. Social development is understood in terms of the manner in which individuals interpret their world. Society is conceptualized statically, as a social organism composed of integrated parts, and dynamically, in terms of interpretive evolutionary stages a teleological stance: society has an innate tendency to develop in a certain direction (towards more complexity). Individuals are mere abstractions and have no existence outside of the society which gave birth to them. Individuals mature in much the same way societies do: through theological, metaphysical, and positive forms of thought.
Sociology should try to predict future events in order to create a more harmonious society. Social order cannot be based on reasoned self-interest and free association. Individuals are governed by emotions not reason. Liberal democracy would not produce a harmonious society opposed to socialism because of its focus on equality. Auguste Comte believed in innate inequalities between individuals favored a society under the control of sociologist.
The Concept
At the very beginning let us focus on Comte's most fundamental assumption: sui generis social reality, which basically means that -society exhibits a real existence with properties other than and separate from those manifested by
This paper focuses on three very significant theories of Social Science namely the Evolutionary Theory, Marx’s Theory and Modernization Theory. It tries to discuss the theories from different dimensions as to give a clear picture of the theories. The main goal of this paper is to cover every aspect of these theories as briefly as possible.
Evolutionary Theory:
Introduction
Society presents a sue generis reality: a real existence in which it manifests properties other than and separate from those of individuals - social determinism. All social organisms evolve: they go through a process of gradual, cumulative, and determinable change from an infant state to a mature state. Social development is understood in terms of the manner in which individuals interpret their world. Society is conceptualized statically, as a social organism composed of integrated parts, and dynamically, in terms of interpretive evolutionary stages a teleological stance: society has an innate tendency to develop in a certain direction (towards more complexity). Individuals are mere abstractions and have no existence outside of the society which gave birth to them. Individuals mature in much the same way societies do: through theological, metaphysical, and positive forms of thought.
Sociology should try to predict future events in order to create a more harmonious society. Social order cannot be based on reasoned self-interest and free association. Individuals are governed by emotions not reason. Liberal democracy would not produce a harmonious society opposed to socialism because of its focus on equality. Auguste Comte believed in innate inequalities between individuals favored a society under the control of sociologist.
The Concept
At the very beginning let us focus on Comte's most fundamental assumption: sui generis social reality, which basically means that -society exhibits a real existence with properties other than and separate from those manifested by