Bio Sheet
High School Biology - Core Concept Master Cheat Sheet
Biology, 1 of 6
01: The Science of Biology
03: The Cell
• Characeristics of life
Organization: all lives are well organized
Energy use: all lives need energy to support
Reproduction: all lives should be able to reproduce itself
Growth: all lives grow and develop.
Response to stimuli: all lives can respond to internal or external stimuli
Homeostasis: all lives have the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment—self-regulation
• Basic Theory of modern biology
Cell Theory
• Cell is the building unit of all living organisms.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• All metaboism occur in cells of the body—cells are functional unit for all lives
Gene Theory
• All genetic information is stored in DNA – genes
• Genes control most, if not every, aspects of an organism
• The DNA language can be transcribed into RNA language and then translated into protein language for its final function Homeostasis
• All living organisms have the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
• Purpose: to ensure proper function of the body
Cell organelles and their functions:
• Nucleus: the control center o Holds all of cell’s genetic information o Makes decisions about cell needs
• Ribosome: the factory o Synthesizes proteins
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum o Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes.
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum o Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.
• Golgi Apparatus: the post office o Tags and ships packages to their destinations
• Mitochondria: the power house o Produces ATP for the cell’s activities.
• Lysosome: the recycling center. o Recycles waste and foreign bacteria.
The cell membrane: lipid bilayer which envelops the cell. For
Protection, Communication, and Selective Exchange
Passive Transport o Does not use energy o Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion o Natural movement from high concentration to low
Biology, 1 of 6
01: The Science of Biology
03: The Cell
• Characeristics of life
Organization: all lives are well organized
Energy use: all lives need energy to support
Reproduction: all lives should be able to reproduce itself
Growth: all lives grow and develop.
Response to stimuli: all lives can respond to internal or external stimuli
Homeostasis: all lives have the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment—self-regulation
• Basic Theory of modern biology
Cell Theory
• Cell is the building unit of all living organisms.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• All metaboism occur in cells of the body—cells are functional unit for all lives
Gene Theory
• All genetic information is stored in DNA – genes
• Genes control most, if not every, aspects of an organism
• The DNA language can be transcribed into RNA language and then translated into protein language for its final function Homeostasis
• All living organisms have the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment
• Purpose: to ensure proper function of the body
Cell organelles and their functions:
• Nucleus: the control center o Holds all of cell’s genetic information o Makes decisions about cell needs
• Ribosome: the factory o Synthesizes proteins
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum o Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes.
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum o Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids.
• Golgi Apparatus: the post office o Tags and ships packages to their destinations
• Mitochondria: the power house o Produces ATP for the cell’s activities.
• Lysosome: the recycling center. o Recycles waste and foreign bacteria.
The cell membrane: lipid bilayer which envelops the cell. For
Protection, Communication, and Selective Exchange
Passive Transport o Does not use energy o Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion o Natural movement from high concentration to low