Ch 10 Muscle Tissue
10.1 OVERVIEW OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
Types of muscular tissue
There are 3 types of muscular tissue: skeletal, cardiac, & smooth. All 3 may share some things but they differ from one another in their microscopic anatomy, location, & how they are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems
Skeletal muscle tissue function of most is to move bones of the skeleton (are few that attach to other structures ex--the skin). Muscle tissue is striated b/c alternating light and dark protein bands (striations) are visible when tissue is closer examined. Muscle tissue action is voluntarily/activity can be controlled consciously.
Cardiac muscle tissue found only in the heart—forms most of the heart wall. Muscle is striated (like skeletal), and its action is involuntary/cannot be consciously controlled to beat. The heart beats b/c it has pacemaker that initiates each contraction; this built-in (intrinsic) rhythm is called autorhythmicity. Heart rate can be adjusted by several hormones & neurotransmitters, b/c they speedup/slowdown pacemaker.
Smooth muscle tissue located in walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity) & also attached to hair follicles in the skin. Appearance is smooth/NONstriated. Action is usually involuntary, and some smooth muscle tissue has autorhythmicity(ex- muscles that propel food through GI tract). Both cardiac and smooth are regulated by neurons part of the autonomic/involuntary division of nervous system & by hormones released by endocrine glands.
Functions of muscular tissue
Through contraction that is sustained or alternating with relaxation, muscle tissue has 4 key functions:
Producing body movements total body movements (ex- walking and running) and localized movements (ex- grasping a pencil, keyboarding, or raising your hand), all rely on the integrated functioning of skeletal muscles, bones, & joints.
Stabilizing body positions skeletal muscle contractions stabilize joint
Types of muscular tissue
There are 3 types of muscular tissue: skeletal, cardiac, & smooth. All 3 may share some things but they differ from one another in their microscopic anatomy, location, & how they are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems
Skeletal muscle tissue function of most is to move bones of the skeleton (are few that attach to other structures ex--the skin). Muscle tissue is striated b/c alternating light and dark protein bands (striations) are visible when tissue is closer examined. Muscle tissue action is voluntarily/activity can be controlled consciously.
Cardiac muscle tissue found only in the heart—forms most of the heart wall. Muscle is striated (like skeletal), and its action is involuntary/cannot be consciously controlled to beat. The heart beats b/c it has pacemaker that initiates each contraction; this built-in (intrinsic) rhythm is called autorhythmicity. Heart rate can be adjusted by several hormones & neurotransmitters, b/c they speedup/slowdown pacemaker.
Smooth muscle tissue located in walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity) & also attached to hair follicles in the skin. Appearance is smooth/NONstriated. Action is usually involuntary, and some smooth muscle tissue has autorhythmicity(ex- muscles that propel food through GI tract). Both cardiac and smooth are regulated by neurons part of the autonomic/involuntary division of nervous system & by hormones released by endocrine glands.
Functions of muscular tissue
Through contraction that is sustained or alternating with relaxation, muscle tissue has 4 key functions:
Producing body movements total body movements (ex- walking and running) and localized movements (ex- grasping a pencil, keyboarding, or raising your hand), all rely on the integrated functioning of skeletal muscles, bones, & joints.
Stabilizing body positions skeletal muscle contractions stabilize joint