Joints notes: Marieb
105.8 Joints
1. Joints (Articulations)
1. Articulation
1. Site where two or more bones meet
2. Functions of joints
1. Give skeleton mobility
2. Hold skeleton together
3. Two classifications
1. Functional
2. Structural
2. Functional Classification of Joints
1. Based on
1. Amount of movement joint allows
2. Three functional classifications
1. Synarthroses—immovable joints
2. Amphiarthroses—slightly movable joints
3. Diarthroses—freely movable joints
3. Structural Classification of Joints
1. Based on
1. Material binding bones together
2. Presence/absence of joint cavity
2. Three structural classifications
1. Fibrous joints
2. Cartilaginous joints
3. Synovial joints
4. Fibrous Joints (pg. 253)
1. Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
2. No joint cavity
3. Most synarthrotic (immovable)
1. Depends on length of connective tissue fibers
4. Three types:
1. Sutures
1. Rigid, interlocking joints
2. Immovable joints for protection of brain
3. Contain short connective tissue fibers
4. Allow for growth during youth
5. In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse
1. Called Synostoses
2. Syndesmoses
1. Bones connected by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue)
2. Fiber length varies so movement varies, i.e.,
1. Little to no movement at distal tibiofibular joint
2. Large amount of movement at interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna
3. Gomphoses
1. Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
2. Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament
5. Cartilaginous Joints
1. Bones united by cartilage
2. No joint cavity
3. Slightly movable
4. Two types:
1. Synchondroses
1. Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones
1. Temporary epiphyseal plate joints
2. Cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium
2. Almost all are synarthrotic
2. Symphyses
1. Fibrocartilage unites bone
1. Hyaline cartilage present as articular cartilage
2. Strong, flexible amphiarthroses
1. Acts as shock absorber with limited movement
6. Synovial
1. Joints (Articulations)
1. Articulation
1. Site where two or more bones meet
2. Functions of joints
1. Give skeleton mobility
2. Hold skeleton together
3. Two classifications
1. Functional
2. Structural
2. Functional Classification of Joints
1. Based on
1. Amount of movement joint allows
2. Three functional classifications
1. Synarthroses—immovable joints
2. Amphiarthroses—slightly movable joints
3. Diarthroses—freely movable joints
3. Structural Classification of Joints
1. Based on
1. Material binding bones together
2. Presence/absence of joint cavity
2. Three structural classifications
1. Fibrous joints
2. Cartilaginous joints
3. Synovial joints
4. Fibrous Joints (pg. 253)
1. Bones joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
2. No joint cavity
3. Most synarthrotic (immovable)
1. Depends on length of connective tissue fibers
4. Three types:
1. Sutures
1. Rigid, interlocking joints
2. Immovable joints for protection of brain
3. Contain short connective tissue fibers
4. Allow for growth during youth
5. In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse
1. Called Synostoses
2. Syndesmoses
1. Bones connected by ligaments (bands of fibrous tissue)
2. Fiber length varies so movement varies, i.e.,
1. Little to no movement at distal tibiofibular joint
2. Large amount of movement at interosseous membrane connecting radius and ulna
3. Gomphoses
1. Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
2. Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament
5. Cartilaginous Joints
1. Bones united by cartilage
2. No joint cavity
3. Slightly movable
4. Two types:
1. Synchondroses
1. Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones
1. Temporary epiphyseal plate joints
2. Cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium
2. Almost all are synarthrotic
2. Symphyses
1. Fibrocartilage unites bone
1. Hyaline cartilage present as articular cartilage
2. Strong, flexible amphiarthroses
1. Acts as shock absorber with limited movement
6. Synovial