POLA90 MIDTERM NOTES
Corruption from Nibble to Gulp dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery (OED)
Generally thought of as resulting in the misuse of public office for private gain four main deliquescences:
1) dash
2) money politics
3) mango corruption
4) baobab corruption
Dash:
> spreads through all developing societies
> small bribes, “presents”, unprofessionalized favours
Money Politics
> the flow of money outside official channels to influence the selection of leaders and their policies
> people in control of the country’s economy try to take over the political system i.e) US
Mango/Baobab Corruption
> using a range of means from truly intense corruption to raw military power to seize the economy directly
Mango Corruption
> economic system still operates basically upon what economists style a virtuous model while corrupt ministers, prime ministers and middlemen steal what they can, with only secondary distortionary effects
> more money made = more to steal
> economy can still prosper
> in Baobab corruption, the economy is doomed
Example of Baobob corruption: Nigeria
> not enough food, much disease, no electricity
> organized by leaders with absolute power
Thailand: politicians are restricting the state for their own ends
Ghana — Problems with overvalued exchange rates:
> creates opportunities for corruption
> people who were allowed to purchase goods at the state-fixed phoney exchange rate were able to make huge profits
> tremendous incentives for the creation of a parallel or black market
> forces people to try to smuggle their goods abroad, opening the door for corruption on the part of whoever controls the border police corruption of the money politics type may actually be more noticeable by the growth of democracy rapid economic growth in the developing world and a higher national consciousness and a rich world of NGOs is needed to combat corruption in the form of dash and money politics
Generally thought of as resulting in the misuse of public office for private gain four main deliquescences:
1) dash
2) money politics
3) mango corruption
4) baobab corruption
Dash:
> spreads through all developing societies
> small bribes, “presents”, unprofessionalized favours
Money Politics
> the flow of money outside official channels to influence the selection of leaders and their policies
> people in control of the country’s economy try to take over the political system i.e) US
Mango/Baobab Corruption
> using a range of means from truly intense corruption to raw military power to seize the economy directly
Mango Corruption
> economic system still operates basically upon what economists style a virtuous model while corrupt ministers, prime ministers and middlemen steal what they can, with only secondary distortionary effects
> more money made = more to steal
> economy can still prosper
> in Baobab corruption, the economy is doomed
Example of Baobob corruption: Nigeria
> not enough food, much disease, no electricity
> organized by leaders with absolute power
Thailand: politicians are restricting the state for their own ends
Ghana — Problems with overvalued exchange rates:
> creates opportunities for corruption
> people who were allowed to purchase goods at the state-fixed phoney exchange rate were able to make huge profits
> tremendous incentives for the creation of a parallel or black market
> forces people to try to smuggle their goods abroad, opening the door for corruption on the part of whoever controls the border police corruption of the money politics type may actually be more noticeable by the growth of democracy rapid economic growth in the developing world and a higher national consciousness and a rich world of NGOs is needed to combat corruption in the form of dash and money politics