After watching the TED Talk‚ “How Reliable is Your Memory” I was saddened to learn how unreliable eyewitness testimony is since hundreds of people’s lives have been ruined because of it. It is important to consider that not every memory someone remembers is real and while their intentions may not be to lie‚ memory itself gets changed unconsciously. Dr. Elizabeth Loftus did some amazing research in understanding false memories and explained how it relates to real-world situations. Dr. Loftus’s studies
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A – What are the main types of pressure groups? There are 4 different types of pressure group. They can be insider or outsider groups‚ or sectional or promotional. They can therefore either be: Insider – promotional Insider –sectional Outsider – promotional Outsider sectional If a group is ‘insider’ they have special connections with those in power. They are regularly consulted on the development of policy and other issues that relate to their cause by ministers‚ decision-makers etc.‚ and
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Forensic Psychology Sources: Mauro‚ Marisa. “What is Forensic Psychology?” Psychology Today. 7‚ June 2012. psychologytoday.com. 18 December 2012. http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/take-all-prisoners/201006/what-is-forensic-psychology Cherry‚ Kendra. “Forensic Psychology Careers a Closer Look at Careers in Forensic Psychology” Psychology. about.com. 18 December 2012. http://psychology
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Psychology Revision |Unit 3 Criminal Approach Social Learning Theory Description – Theory agrees with the view of classical and operant conditioning‚ but also says that we can learn by observing others‚ if their behaviour is punished or rewarded. When you observe someone acting in a certain way‚ and then decide to imitate them‚ it is known as vicarious learning. There are 3 different types of vicarious learning: Vicarious Reinforcement‚ Vicarious Punishment‚ and Vicarious Extinction. Vicarious
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Author Gary Wells‚ author of the article‚ Eyewitness Evidence: Improving Its Probative Value‚ wrote‚ "A subset of the variables that affect eyewitness accuracy fall into what researchers call system variables‚ which are variables that the criminal justice system has control over‚ such as how eyewitnesses are instructed before they view a lineup and methods
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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony (12 marks). Peters (1998) took the heart rate of students during n injection and then again 2 minutes later‚ those with high heart rates were classed as high anxiety participants and those with low heart rates were classed as low anxiety participants. One week later all participants were asked to identify the face of the nurse that gave them the injection‚ 31% of high anxiety participants recognised
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life Eyewitness testimony (EWT) and factors affecting the accuracy of EWT‚ including anxiety‚ age of witness Misleading information and the use of the cognitive interview Strategies for memory improvement Unit 1 – Possible 12 mark questions 6 marks = knowledge of research 6 marks = evaluation Memory: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory. Outline and evaluate the working memory model. Outline and evaluate research into the accuracy of eyewitness
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Psychology Notes – Memory Flow of information in memory: Encoding Storage Retrieval Key terms: Encoding: changing information so that it can be stored Storage: holding information in the memory system Retrieval: recovering information from storage Multi-store: the idea that information passes through a series of memory stores Sensory store: holds information received from the senses for a very short period of time Short-term store: holds approximately seven chunks of information for
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doctor had a stethoscope around his neck because most of the people walking around the hospital have a stethoscope or name badge around their neck. Eyewitness memory is important especially when dealing with criminal trials. It is important because trails rely on eyewitness memory as a crucial piece of evidence for their defense. Eyewitness testimony can have a huge impact on a jury‚ and the jury then decides whether or not they will take truth to
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According to Smalarz and Wells (2014)‚ the leading cause of wrongful convictions is eyewitness misidentification. Smalarz and Wells described a unique case where a rape victim‚ JT‚ had the opportunity to correctly identify her attacker. JT’s lawyer had received reports of her attacker bragging about getting away with the rape while he was in prison for another crime. The victim‚ JT‚ incorrectly identified the attacker‚ she actually choose the same person she choose in her first line up after the
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