amount of light being transmitted through a test tube. Chloroplasts were placed into test tubes along with water‚ DPIP‚ and a buffer to neutralize the pH of the solution‚ and then placed under a lamp with a standard 40-watt light bulb. One test tube was used to calibrate the spectrophotometer so that each transmittance reading would be
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1x concentration both SYBR-Green I and the loading buffer‚ 3.1µl of both were added to the PCR samples (25µl). 20µl of this mixture was loaded onto the Agarose gel. The gel was 1.5% agarose in 1x Tris-Acetate-EDTA (TAE; 40mM Tris-Acetate‚ 1mM EDTA‚ pH 8.3) and was run at 130 V for 60 minutes in a 1x TAE buffer. A 100bp ladder was used as a reference to compare the results to. The ladder was used because it reads from 100bp up to 1200bp fragments and we were expecting the amelogenin fragments to be
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Chemistry 1211K Lab Report Briana Limage Drawer #D20 Tuesday December 2‚ 2014 Lab Day and Time: Tuesday 2-5 Unknown # 4224034-DF14 Introduction The purpose of this semester long experiment was to determine an unknown organic acid. An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. A base reacts with acids to form salts. Titrations are used to determine the concentration of unknown substances. The purpose of the KHP experiment was to determine the molarity of NaOH. HCl
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on milk which contain fats or lipids. Introduction: Enzyme is a kind of biological catalyst that made up of protein. It can speed up the metabolic reactions on various kinds of substances. Like lipase can break down lipid into glycerol or fatty acids in milk. Since enzyme is made up of protein which easily affected by varies temperature. This experiment is carried out to find the effects of temperature on the activity of lipase by adding phenolphthalein and observes how long it takes to decolorize
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The Difficulty Limited/Extensive choices pose: Its Effect on motivation and Satisfaction The Difficulty Limited and Extensive choices pose: Its Effect on motivation and Satisfaction Teagan. R. Donnelly 214282075 HPS121 Psychology B: Individual and Social Development The Difficulty Limited/Extensive choices pose: Its Effect on motivation and Satisfaction Abstract The conducted study is based on personal choice in limited and extensive choice experimental
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Purpose: To observe epithelial tissue by using a microscope to compare prepared slides. Introduction: Epithelial tissue covers the whole surface of the body. It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers. This tissue is specialized to form the covering or lining of all internal and external body surfaces. Epithelial tissue can be divided into two groups depending on the number of layers of which it is composes. Epithelial tissue which is only one cell thick is known as
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Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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CHM 3411 – Problem Set 6 Due date: Wednesday‚ March 23rd. Do all of the following problems. Show your work. 1) Consider the cyclic molecule C8H8‚ the eight carbon analogue to benzene. a) Write the secular detrerminant corresponding to the pi-bonding in C8H8. b) Using the secular determinant‚ the following energies are found for the pi-bonding molecular orbitals: 1 = + 2 2 = + 1.41 (two states) 3 = (two states) 4 = - 1.41 (two states) 5 = - 2 Give the electron
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Questions and Hypothesis: Seed germination‚ plant growth‚ and sprouting of leaves are affected by several factors: supply of nutrients‚ water‚ exposure to sunlight‚ and conditions of surroundings. Due to certain stimuli in the surroundings plant “hormones” cause plants to behave in ways that ensure the most efficient use of resources while preserving the most energy. One stimulus to consider‚ is the exposure of plants to sunlight; when plants are just sprouting and are underground‚ the sti
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what the cause of pollution is‚ was our first problem. But‚ using prior knowledge of acid rain and eutrophication in Pennsylvania‚ we found out that those were‚ in fact‚ our main problems/causes of pollution in the Conodoguinet. When figuring out which specific tests needed to be completed in order to get an accurate water quality reading‚ we discovered that we had to evaluate different macroinvertebrates‚ test for pH‚ alkalinity‚ nitrates‚ phosphates‚ dissolved oxygen‚ etc. and also test the speed
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