Immobilization of Enzymes And Their Applications By‚ Shudhangshu Shekhar Kundu Introduction: What an enzyme? Enzymes are protein molecules‚ which serve to accelerate the chemical reactions of living cells (often by several orders of magnitude). Without enzymes‚ most biochemical reactions would be too slow to even carry out life processes
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“DISCUSS THE STRATEGIES THAT ARE USED BY BACTERIAL PATHOGENS TO EVADE HOST ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDES AND PHAGOCYTES” The mammalian immune system has two major components; the innate and the adaptive immune system. The innate system is usually the first line of defence and it acts as a strong roadblock to invading bacterial pathogens through direct mechanisms such as inflammation‚ phagocytosis‚ complement system activation‚ antibacterial peptides and indirectly by activating adaptive response through
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FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage
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HYDROCARBONS 365 UNIT 13 HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons are the important sources of energy. After studying this unit‚ you will be able to • • name hydrocarbons according to IUPAC system of nomenclature; recognise and write structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and
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-APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’
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Pharmaceuticals ERT Pharmaceuticals- Extended Response Task Table of Contents 1.0 ABSTRACT 3 2.0 INTRODUCTION 3 2.1 The background information of Aspirin 3 2.11 History 3 2.12 chemical structures 4 2.2 The background information of Acetaminophen 5 2.21 History 5 2.22 Chemical Structures 6 3.0 BODY 6 3.1 Synthesis 6 3.11 Synthesis of Aspirin 6 3.12 Synthesis of Acetaminophen 7 3.2 Mechanism of Action in Human Body 9 3.2.1 Pain as a warning system 9 3.2.2 Aspirin 9 3
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L-6 MCQ (A) MCQs of the Textual Exercise 1) In haloalkane _________ bond is formed between carbon and halogen. (a) Ionic (b) van der Waals (c) Covalent (d) hydrogen 2) In haloarene compounds‚ halogen combines with carbon having which hybridization? (a) sp2 (b) sp3 (c) sp (d)dsp2 3) In haloalkane‚ carbon in C-X bond possesses which partial electric charge? (a) Charge less (b) positive (c) negative (d) anionic 4) Which of the following bonds is the strongest?
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0013-7227/01/$03.00/0 Printed in U.S.A. Endocrinology 142(10):4163– 4169 Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society Minireview: Ghrelin and the Regulation of Energy Balance—A Hypothalamic Perspective TAMAS L. HORVATH‚ SABRINA DIANO‚ PETER SOTONYI‚ MARK HEIMAN‚ ¨ MATTHIAS TSCHOP AND Reproductive Neuroscience Unit (T.L.H.‚ S.D.)‚ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Neurobiology (T.L.H.)‚ Yale Medical School‚ New Haven‚ Connecticut 06520; Department of Anatomy and Histology (P
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The Kinetics of α-Chymotrypsin Introduction Chymotrypsin is a protease which cleaves proteins by a hydrolysis reaction‚ it does this by adding a molecule of water to a peptide bond. Although the hydrolysis reaction is thermodynamically favoured in the absence of a catalyst the half-life for a typical hydrolysis reaction by a protease is between 10 and 100 years‚ needless to say it is extremely slow1. Though this is true peptide bonds are hydrolysed within milliseconds in the body in the presence
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2008 A PROTEIN-APPENDED ROTAXANE BY HAYTHIM HASSANEIN SUPERVISOR PALL THORDARSON 2 Contents Certificate of Orignality .............................................................................................................. i Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................
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