References: Ainsworth M(1978) cited by Wood C‚ Littleton K & Oates J (2003) p.30 ’Lifespan Development’ in Cooper T & Roth I (eds) Challenging Psychological Issues‚ Milton Keynes‚ The Open University Bowlby J 1946 cited by Wood C‚ Littleton K & Oates J (2003) p.22-29
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many aspects of parent/child relationships have been studied. This essay will look at some of the research that has been carried out and whether sensitive parenting is the most important factor in a child’s psychological development. From early infancy a child becomes attached to specific objects that have a significant impact on their development. These objects which can be either human or items such as a comfort blanket become a source of comfort and support during times of stress and the absence
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attachment styles in their early relationships which influence later relationships by providing the child with beliefs about themselves‚ other people and relationships in general. There are several attachment styles that a child can develop in infancy. Ainsworth (1971) divided these into secure‚ insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant‚ when working on her ‘Strange Situation’ research. The characteristics we associate with attachment styles will provide a child with a set of beliefs about themselves
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Ethology was first applied to research on children in the 1960s. It has become more influential in recent years and is concerned with the adaptive‚ or survival‚ value of behavior and its evolutionary history (Hinde‚ 1989). The origins of ethology can be traced to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were founded by two European zoologists‚ Lorenz and Tinbergen (Dewsbury‚ 1992). Watching the behaviors of animal species in their natural habitats‚ Lorenz and Tinbergen observed behavioral patterns
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Running head: Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse and Neglect I. Introduction a. Child Abuse is global. II. Defining Abuse and Neglect b. What is Abuse and Neglect? III. Consequences of Abuse and Neglect c. Long term affects from Abuse and Neglect of a Child. d. Knowing the different behaviors of abuse and neglect within a child. IV. Importance of Attachments in your Children e. Why it’s important for children to be attached to the caregiver
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In order to answer the question “are there critical periods for the development of social competency?” one must first clearly define the key elements of the question. A critical period is defined as a time when a certain development must happen if it is to ever happen (Strassen Berger‚ 2006). In psychology the term is most often associated with language acquisition as the critical period hypothesis popularised by Lenneberg (1967) hypothesised that language learned outside the critical period for
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Ainsworth observations‚ `the strange situation` procedure highlight emotional bond that connects mother/infant‚ she believed‚ much like Bowlby 1969(Farrington-Flint 2014 p 77) that responding sensitively and appropriately to the child’s requirement‚ such behaviour
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child to explore the world. Proximity maintenance-The child strives to stay near the caregiver‚ thus keeping the child safe. And separation distress-When separated from the caregiver‚ the child will become upset and distressed. In the 1970’s Mary Ainsworth carried out a groundbreaking study which was “the Strange Situation Study” which showed the profound effects of attachment on behaviour. In her study she got researchers to observe children between the ages of 12 and 18 months in a situation where
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or schema which leads to the infant expecting the same in later relationships. For example‚ someone with an avoidant attachment type is more likely to hold the view that sex without love is pleasurable. This can be supported by the work of Mary Ainsworth on the ‘strange situation.’ Where children are put into situations both with and without their mother and observed on criteria such as; willingness to explore‚ stranger anxiety‚ separation anxiety and reunian behaviour. They found evidence of these
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Attachment is an emotional bond to an adult during the early stages if infancy. There are two main areas connect to attachment‚ these being secure attachment and insecure attachment. Bowlby (1977) describes attachment as an enduring emotional bond which an individual forms to another person. Looking at a different perspective Philippe Aries’s (1960) says mothers don’t form attachments because of the high mortality rate. Secure attachment is the parent and child relationship which serves as a pro-type
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