this experiment‚ Drosophila melanogaster‚ Drosophila virilis‚ as well as a marker strain (mutant strain of D. melanogaster) were used to examine the genetic variation. Electrophoresis followed by the staining of the proteins will cause the enzymes‚ aldehyde oxidase‚ alcohol dehydrogenase‚ and malate dehydrogenase‚ to become visible‚ appearing as a set of different banding patterns. The banding patterns will dependent on the molecular form of the enzyme‚ indicating the genetic variation that can exist
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combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional groups in which are the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups. In the carbohydrates‚ if the sugar contains aldehyde group it called reducing sugar and called non-reducing sugar if didn’t have the aldehyde group. The Benedict’s test shows us which sugars are reducing or non-reducing. Benedict’s reagent‚ which contains Cu2+ ions in alkaline solution with sodium citrate added to keep the cupric ions in solution
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reactivity they are used in different situations. NaBH4 can be used in alcoholic solvent while LiAlH4 can’t be because it will deprotonate and produce H2. Also‚ LiAlH4 can reduce ketones‚ aldehydes‚ carboxylic acids as well as esters. In contrast‚ NaBH4’s lower reactivity causes it only effective at reducing ketones‚ and aldehydes. In this lab NaBH4 will be used‚ an example of such a reaction using NaBH4 as a reducing agent
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during the Benedict’s Test. Reducing sugar have contain free aldehyde or ketone group and have the ability to reduce copper(II) ions to copper (I) ions during the Benedict’s Test. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars while only some dissacharides are reducing sugar. Examples of reducing sugar are: Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Galactose Dissacharides Lactose maltose Non-reducing sugars do not contain have free aldehyde groups and upon testing with Benedict’s solution will not reduce
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replace a less electronegative atom with a more electronegative atom; replace a bond to hydrogen with a bond to oxygen; or replacing a single bond with a double bond by the loss of hydrogen. Oxidations are very convenient when trying to synthesize an aldehyde or ketone for this reason. Since there is less electron density around a reactive carbon center‚ the oxidation n of the carbon will be more positive. Usually a more electronegative atom such as a halogen‚ nitrogen‚ or oxygen replaces hydrogen bonded
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test is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates‚ based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulphuric acid to produce an aldehyde‚ which condenses with two molecules of phenol‚ resulting in a red- or purple-colored compound. Benedict ’s test allows for the detection of the presence of reducing sugars (sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone group). All monosaccharides are reducing sugars since all of them have active carbonyl group. Some disaccharides that are exposed to a
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Cucumis melo Linn. was first described by Linne in 1753. It belong to the family Cucurbitaceae which consists of 825 species in 118 genera (Milind and Kulwant‚ 2011). The birth of Cucumis melo L. has been uncertain. However‚ novel review has testified its origin from East and South Africa. Different cultivated varieties and different forms of fruits have emerged universally in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Cucumis melo L. has a wide geographic distribution. Native countries include South Africa
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Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • define the biomolecules like carbohydrates‚ proteins and nucleic acids; • classify carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ nucleic acids and vitamins on the basis of their structures; • explain the difference between DNA and RNA; • appreciate the role of biomolecules in biosystem. Biomolecules “It is the harmonious and synchronous progress of chemical reactions in body which leads to life”. 14 Unit A living system grows‚ sustains and reproduces
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chlorophyll B‚ the only Name of Class fast alkanes alkenes ethers halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic hydrocarbons increasing polarity aldehydes and ketones esters alcohols amines slow carboxylic acids General Formula difference between the two is that on ring 3 chlorophyll a has a RH R2C CR2 methyl group where chlorophyll b R2O RX CH3 has an aldehyde functional ‚ etc group. None of these main pigments absorb green RCH O and R2C O light‚ which is why O RCOR ROH pigments present
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CHEM 2325 Organic Chemistry II Handout #1A – Alcohols 1) What type of orbital do the lone pair electrons on oxygen occupy in ethanol? A) σ B) π C) p D) sp E) sp3 2) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 3) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 4) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 5) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction
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