C H A P T E R 5 Basic Concepts from Organic Chemistry 5.1 | INTRODUCTION The fundamental information that environmental engineers and scientists need concerning organic chemistry differs considerably from that which the organic chemist requires. This difference is due to the fact that chemists are concerned principally with the synthesis of compounds‚ whereas environmental engineers and scientists are concerned‚ in the main‚ with how the organic compounds in liquid‚ solid‚ and gaseous wastes
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no color change in the solution‚ the organism is to be considered not alive in terms that there are no redox reactions occurring. The next test to be conducted will be Feulgen’s/Schiff’s stain for DNA. This test uses Schiff’s reagent to detect aldehyde groups or CHO-. From the results we will be able to determine whether or not DNA is present and how much DNA the organism contains. If the reagent turns pink/red DNA is present. If the reagent does not have a color change DNA is not present.
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Jacobsen’s Method of Epoxidation of an Alkene | | Abstract Various types of reactions were completed to first create and then use Jacobsen’s catalyst in the asymmetric epoxidation of an unknown alkene with bleach in the laboratory. The chiral epoxide synthesized was then characterized with GC/MS and NMR. With this information the unknown alkene was able to be identified as 4-chlorostyrene. Introduction Organisms have evolved with mechanisms that use specific enantiomers of molecules
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For the 9-anthraldheyde spectrum‚ the peaks at just over 3000 cm-1 indicates the presence of sp2 carbon hydrogen bonds. The peaks at 2858.3 and 2772.1 cm-1 shows the presence of an aldehyde. The peak at 1664.0 cm-1 indicates the presence of a carbon oxygen double bond‚ more specifically conjugated with a phenyl group. The two peaks at ~1600 and ~1550 cm-1 along with the overtones located around 1900 cm-1 indicates the presence of a
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ABSTRACT The glycolysis pathway is nearly universal in biological systems. Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate with the concomitant formation of ATP. Three fates of this pyruvate produced exist. In this practical the production of pyruvate and acetaldehyde by fermentation of glucose is established. A series of test tubes was set up each containing glucose and yeast suspension in buffers at different pH values. These test tubes were incubated for an hour at 37℃
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Structure of atom‚ Chemical Bond‚ Nuclear Chemistry‚ General Organic Chemistry‚ Ionic Equilibrium‚ Thermo chemistry & Thermodynamics‚ Electrochemistry‚ Biomolecules‚ Surface Chemistry: Colloids & Catalysts‚ Transition metals and f-block Elements‚ Ether‚ Aldehydes‚ Ketones acid &
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Chemistry 116: General Chemistry Syracuse University Project Advance Spring 2009 Exam #4 Name Date 1. The bombardment of with nuclei gives two products‚ one of which is The other product is ________. A. B. C. D. E. 2. The decay of to occurs through the emission of a(n) ________. A. alpha particle B. beta particle C. neutron D. proton E. positron 3. Radionuclides which have too low of a neutron/proton ratio generally decay through ________
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in the outermost energy level. Carbohydrates: A carbohydrate is one of the elements of the 5 major compounds‚ dealing with the making of an human body. To define the word any of carbohydrates class of organic compounds that are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones‚ or change to such substances on simple chemical transformations‚ as hydrolysis‚ oxidation‚ or reduction‚ and that form the supporting tissues of plants and are important food for animals and people. When we eat‚ the carbohydrates
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body tissue according to water content. • Metabolism: A healthy body can metabolize 15ml of alcohol/hour • Alcohol is metabolized by the liver but 10% is excreted unchanged in the breath‚ sweat and the urine Metabolism of alcohol Alcohol Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde (Toxic) Alcohol Dehydrogenase H2 and Acetic Acid (Nontoxic) Alcohol Abuse • A psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences. • Also termed as “Alcoholism”
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crystals‚ and called salicin. By 1829 French Chemist Henri Leroux had improved the extraction procedure to obtain about 30 grams from 1.5 kg of bark. In 1838‚ Italian chemist Raffaele Piria split salicin into a sugar and an aromatic component (salicic aldehyde). Later‚ Henri Leroux had extracted salicin‚ in crystalline form for the first time‚ and Raffaele Piria succeeded in obtaining salicylic acid in its pure state. The problem with salicylic acid was that it was tough on stomachs and needed buffering
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