The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over billions of years‚ but for the past 200 million years it has been much as it is today. We are‚ however‚ causing our atmosphere to change by human activity. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are two examples of human effect on the environment. Composition of the Earth’s atmosphere The composition of air You need to know the proportions of the main gases in the atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere has remained much the same for the past 200 million years
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COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Abstract Organic compunds were examined to a comparative investigation to differentiate the properties of each sample. The physical state at room temperature‚ odor and color of the sample were noted by simple observation. In terms of solubility in H2O‚ 5% NaOH solution and 5% HCl solution‚ the samples were classified as to miscible‚ slightly immiscible or immiscible for liquid; and very soluble‚ soluble‚ partially soluble or insolubse for solid. The
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2950 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 C=O - ketone 1715 cm-1 C=C alkene 1680 cm-1 O O d. e. f. OH sp3 C-H stretch 2950 sp C-H stretch 3310 cm-1 CC alkyne stretch 2220 cm-1 cm-1 sp2 C-H stretch 3100 cm-1 sp3 C-H stretch 2950 cm-1 C=C alkene 1680 cm-1
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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methanol H C O H H H primary R C O H H H secondary R C O R H H tertiary R C O R R H 77 1° carbon 2° carbon 3° carbon 39 17.1: Nomenclature: 1. In general‚ alcohols are named in the same manner as alkanes; replace the -ane suffix for alkanes with an -ol for alcohols CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH OH butane 1-butanol 2-butanol 2. Number the carbon chain so that the hydroxyl group gets the lowest number 3. Number the substituents and write the name listing
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all of the asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule shown below (prostacyclin). (b) Based on the number of asymmetric carbons‚ how many stereoisomers of prostacyclin are possible? 5. Hydrogenation of an alkene will yield an alkane. The alkane formed by hydrogenation of (S)-4-methyl-1-hexene (I) is optically active‚ while the one formed by hydrogenation of (S)-3-methyl-1-pentene (II) is not. Explain. I II 6. Draw and label a stereoisomer of this compound
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4th form Chemistry questionnaire 1. All of the following structures show the same molecule‚ except one. Which structure is different? H H H H A) H -- C -- C -- C --- C -- H B) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 H H H H H H -- C -- H CH3 C) H H D)
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bromination of (E)-1‚2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene) by addition reaction in which bromine was added across the double bond to yield a vicinal dibromide. The next step was to perform a double elimination reaction by product gained to synthesize an alkyne‚ that is‚ 1‚2-diphenylacetylene. The two major techniques used in this lab were TLC analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. TLC technique is non-destructive‚ that is‚ the molecules in the mixtures are separated physically without being chemically altered
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to test for the presence of alcohol. The color changed to brown‚ indicating the presence of the desired product. A drop of the product was also tested with IR spectroscopy. There were peaks at both 1600cm-1 and 3300cm-1 which are indicative of an alkene. 1600cm-1 correlates with the C=C stretch‚ while the 3300cm-1 signal correlates
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GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key IInstructions The final examination will be weighted as follows Modules 1–3 Modules 4–6 The format of the examination will be as follows: Part A: Fill-in-the-Blanks Part B: Multiple Choice Part C: Short Answer Total Marks Include units with all answers as required. Useful Information You will need the following in order to complete this examination: n n n n 15–20% 80–85%
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