UNIT 1 REVISION CHECKLIST Topic 1.1 Can you a) define atomic number‚ mass number‚ isotopes‚ relative atomic mass‚ relative molecular mass b) remember the four stages in mass spectrometry and explain how each one works c) calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic composition data‚ or from a mass spectrum of an atom d) deduce relative molecular mass from the mass spectrum of a molecule e) Give the electronic configuration of atoms with atomic number 1-36 and of the common ions
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Chem 3418 Organic Chemistry Laboratory I Acid Base Review Definition In general‚ an acid is a substance that can donate a proton (H+) and a base is a substance that can accept a proton. Any proton in an organic molecule can potentially be donated. The most acidic proton in a molecule would be donated first. Any lone pair in an organic molecule can act as the proton acceptor. An acid (HA) reacts with a base (in this case H2O) to form the conjugate base of the acid (A-) and the conjugate acid of the
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Topic Acid-Base Theory (Unit 1) Acid-Base Theory (Unit 2) Isomerism (Unit 1) Isomerism (Unit 2) Nomenclature Reaction Mechanism (Unit 1) - Introduction to Mechanism Reaction Mechanism (Unit 2) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 3) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 4) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 5) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 6) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 7) - Elimination Reaction Mechanism
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Oxidation What is organic chemistry? Carbon compounds. Methane CH4 Hexane C6 H14 Ethane C2H 6 Heptane C7 H16 Propane C3H 8 Octane C8 H18 Butane C4H10 Nonane C9H20 Pentane C 5 H12 Decane C1 0 H22 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons Rules: Cycloalkanes: Alkenes: Alkynes: General formula: Cn H2n General formula: Cn H2n General formula:Cn H2n -2 Haloalkanes: Alekanes: Alcohols: Alkylhalides CnH2n+n “OH” group F (Fluoro)‚ Cl (Chloro)‚ Br (Bromo)‚ I (Iodo) Other
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early atmosphere - earth roughly 4 billion yrs old - created by volcanoes erupting + releasing gases - contained mostly co2 + water vapour - earth cooled + water vapour condensed to form oceans - co2 dissolved into oceans + used to form marine organism shells which were compacted to form sedimentary rock - plants evolved to photosynthesise‚ takingin co2 + releasing oxygen - scientists don’t kno where all nitrogen came from bc they weren’t there to record evidence but most theories suggest
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Chemistry Unit 1 – Revision Questions Chemistry 1A 1) Define an element. How many are there in the Periodic Table? 2) Write a table with the charges and masses of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 3) Define atomic number and mass number. 4) Draw electron (energy level) diagrams for Be‚ S‚ Al‚ Cl and K. Also‚ write down the number of protons and neutrons for each. Finally‚ write the symbols (with mass no. and atomic no.) 5) Why have all Group 7 elements (halogens) got similar chemical properties
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Title: Experiment 28: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate Objective: The students will learn to nitrate methyl benzoate through electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. They will learn the importance of regiochemistry in chemical reactions. They might experience disubstitution through a high temperature. Reactions: Observation: The crystals started to form when added 2 g of crushed ice. The addition of hot methanol dissociated the crystals. The crystals reappeared when cooled down in
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Lab #24- Preparation 4-Methylcyclohexene Introduction: The goals in this lab were to have a reaction occur with 4-methylcyclohexanol and an acid catalyst to form our product of 4-methylcyclohexene via an E1 reaction. This reaction is accomplished by removing the –OH group on 4-methylcyclohexanol via dehydration and to have a double bond form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration‚ isolation‚ drying
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representing an aromatic ring (Webbook.nist). Table 2 also exemplifies a peak was present at 2943 and 2970 cm^(-1). Alkanes have a literature range ranging from 3000-2800 cm^(-1)‚ therefore‚ these two peaks are representing alkanes present in the molecule. The literature IR spectrum of N‚N-diethyl-m-toluamide has two peaks at approximately 2970 and 2950 cm^(-1)‚ representing alkanes (Webbook.nist).
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cat cracker. Catalysts used for cracking alkanes are inorganic compounds called zeolites crystalline compounds of Al‚ Si‚ and O with some metal ions. Zeolites are effective as catalysts because they have a very large surface area per unit mass. Mixtures of alkanes can also be cracked by thermal or steam cracking. ================================ Properties of Alkanes and Alkenes Alkenes have similar physical properties to the corresponding alkanes. They are both non-polar molecules with weak
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