Under reflux conditions‚ a bromohexane compound is synthesized from 1-hexene and HBr(aq). The desired product‚ 2-bromohexane‚ is analyzed to see if it is produced according to Markovnikov’s rule‚ which states that when an alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide (HBr) to form an alkyl halide‚ the H+ is added to the carbon with a greater number of hydrogen substituents to form a more stable carbocation and the halogen (Br-) is added to the carbon with fewer hydrogen substituents. A heterogeneous mixture
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C H A P T E R 5 Basic Concepts from Organic Chemistry 5.1 | INTRODUCTION The fundamental information that environmental engineers and scientists need concerning organic chemistry differs considerably from that which the organic chemist requires. This difference is due to the fact that chemists are concerned principally with the synthesis of compounds‚ whereas environmental engineers and scientists are concerned‚ in the main‚ with how the organic compounds in liquid‚ solid‚ and gaseous wastes
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graph‚ a relationship between the hydrocarbon chain of the alkane and its corresponding boiling point can certainly be noticed. There is a increasing correlation which can be explained using the theory that as each hydrocarbon chain gets bigger‚ there are more atoms and thus more electrons which contributes to higher dispersion forces and therefore a higher boiling point which is clearly seen through the graph. b) Uses of the First Ten Alkanes Methane -> A major component of natural gas (fuel).
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reaction occurs when a leaving group‚ which consists of a weak base‚ leaves an organic compound‚ leaving an intermediate carbocation. In the second step‚ a carbon on the organic compound is deprotonated by a Lewis base‚ resulting in the formation of an alkene. The dehydration reactions of 1- and 2-Butanol with sulfuric acid occur through an E1 mechanism‚ so they follow the steps previously
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SCIENCE RATIONALE This syllabus is prepared with a view to address new trends in integrated science teaching and science teacher education. Science has gained world-wide acceptance as a course of study for various reasons such as the concern for social relevance and environmental issues. The teacher is seen‚ as the key to the success of the Educational Reform in Zambia and the effective implementation of the science curriculum will thus depend on the commitment‚ competence and resourcefulness
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Polymerization Chain Propagation: Cossee-Arlman Mechanism = good basic mechanism. Cossee et al.‚ J. Catal.‚ 1964‚ 3‚ 80 & 99. 1‚2-insertion alkene coordination R [M] R [M] [M] R CH2 C H2 [M] R Green-Rooney Mechanism involving metathesis-like step = totally wrong ! CHP CH2P [M] α-elimination [M] H CHP [M] H PHC H [M] R reductive elimination PH2C [M] R alkene coordination R metathesislike process This Mechanism DOES NOT Occur Proposed by Green‚ Rooney et al.‚ J. Chem. Soc.‚ Chem
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desired alkene product‚ trans-9-(2-phenylethenyl) anthracene‚ was found to be 132-134 ˚C‚ in comparison to the literature value melting point range of 130-132˚C‚1 it was slightly higher than expected. Overall‚ the experimental melting point range varied from the initial melting point temperature and maximum melting point temperature by 2˚C. As the experimental melting point had a small range of temperature variance and was above that of the literature value‚ it can be deduced that the final alkene product
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Abstract:The Wittig Reaction is a nucleophilic addition in which an alkene is formed as a product. Both the E and Z isomers of the alkene result. Substituents on the aromatic aldehyde affect the E/Z ratio of products that form. In this experiment‚ a nitro group was used as the substituent in the ortho‚ meta and para positions‚ with benzaldehyde as the control. Each of the four aldehydes reacted with (carbethoxymethylene) triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl cinnamate‚ ethyl-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
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2-Butanol/Part B: Dehydrobromination of 1-Bromobutane & 2-Bromobutane Abstract The objective of this experiment is to successfully perform a dehydration of 1-butanol and 2-butanol‚ also dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane to form the alkene products 1-butene‚ trans-2-butene‚ and cis-2-butene. The dehydration reactions react under and acid-catalysis which follows an E1 mechanism. It was found that dehydration of 1-butanol yielded 3.84% cis-2-butene‚ 81.83% trans-2-butene‚ and 14.33% 1-butene
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D) (E)-2‚3‚6-trimethyl-2-heptene E) (E)-2‚4‚6-trimethyl-3-heptene 2. Which of the following statements is (are) true about compound A? A) A is a trans alkene. B) A is an E alkene. C) A is a cis alkene. D) Both (A is a trans alkene) and (A is an E alkene) are true. E) Both (A is an E alkene) and (A is a cis alkene) are true. 3. Rank the following compounds from least to most stable. 4. Rank the following compounds from least to most stable. 5. Predict the major
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