LEARNING LOG 2: Observe‚ Connect and Reflect on Your Learning PART III – Symmetry in Crystals The most striking examples of symmetry…are crystals. Herman Weyl Period Focus Image Question Your Observations Complete at the end of Week 5 Image 5 Uvarovite is a gemstone rich in chromium. What are your main observations about uvarovite symmetry from studying the external form? (30 - 40 words) (2 marks) What is your personal favourite gemstone and what is its space group. (up to
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Dehydration of an alcohol • Preparation of an alkene • Distillation • Unsaturation tests THEORY An acid-catalyzed dehydration is a common way to synthesize an alkene from an alcohol. Use of a strong acid like sulfuric or phosphoric acid serves to protonate the alcohol "OH" group‚ forming an H2O molecule that is a much better leaving group. As the water leaves the starting material‚ a proton is also lost in an elimination process. The end result is the alkene product. The chemical equation that describes
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From the table‚ the result of dehydration of secondary alcohol is expected‚ and it undergoes E1 elimination. As supposed in the theory and mechanism‚ because elimination can occur both sides of secondary carbocation‚ so there are three products: 1-butene‚ trans-2-butene and cis-2-butene with three peaks. The main product is trans-2-butene‚ because it is the most stable compound. However‚ the result of dehydration of primary alcohol is not expected. It is supposed to form only one product‚ 1-butene
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molecules doesn’t want to be dianion 5. (11 pts) Carey. All the parts of this problem refer to the alkane having the carbon skeleton shown. (a) (2 pts) What is the molecular formula of this alkane? C13H38 (b) (2 pts) What is the IUPAC name? 5-ethyl-2‚6-dimethylnonane 1 pt for or 1 pt for 5-ethyl-4‚8-dimethylnonane 2‚6-dimethyl‚5-ethylnonane (1 pt) How many methyl groups are present in this alkane?____5 (1 pt) How many methylene groups?______5______ (1 pt) How many methine groups?_________3___
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the base to lose a hydrogen and form the carbon-carbon double bond [1]. When the more substituted alkene is the dominant product‚ the reaction follows Zaitsev’s rule. Zaitsev’s rule states that the major product of a β-elimination reaction is the most stable alkene [1].Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration is the elimination of a molecule of water from adjacent carbon atoms. An alcohol can be converted to an alkene by dehydration‚ which is often brought on by heating the alcohol with either 85% phosphoric acid
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excess water. The water will remove the acidic hydrogen on the carbocation producing the desired alkene as well as regenerating the acid catalyst (fig. 2). A time effective way to collect the 4-methylcyclohexene is to heat the reaction to reflux as it is taking place. This allows the product to be separated from the starting materials by means of the boiling point discrepancy between the isolated alkene (101-102C) and the starting alcohol (171-173C). After the distillate is collected any impurities
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Skip to Main content ADVERTISEMENT Journals Books Shopping cart Sign in Help Top of Form Advanced search Bottom of Form Catalysis Today Supports Open Access | About this Journal | Sample Issue Online | Submit your Article New Article Feed Alert me about new articles Add to Favorites Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved < Previous vol/iss | Next vol/iss > Volume 190‚ Issue 1‚ Pages 1-150 (1 August 2012) Alternative Sources
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Synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) Using a Fischer Esterification Reaction Zhenshu Wang (Stan) TA: Aaron League September 23‚ 2012 Purpose: The purpose of the experiment was to perform the acid-catalyzed Fischer Esterification of acetic acid and isopentyl alcohol to form isopentyl acetate‚ or banana oil‚ which is used in flavor industries. The equilibrium of the reaction was changed by adding an excess amount of acetic acid. The reaction was refluxed and product was purified by extraction
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with another carbon in a benzene ring. Therefore‚ this rules out all the alkanes and just leaves the phenyl hydrocarbon
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PREPARING CYCLOHEXENE FROM CYCLOHEXANOL INTRODUCTION Alkenes can be prepared in the lab by dehydrating the corresponding alcohol. Concentrated sulphuric and phosphoric acids both act as dehydrating agents. Phosphoric acid is preferred because it gives a higher yield of the alkene. Concentrated H2SO4 reacts with alkenes. SAFETY Eye protection must be worn. Concentrated phosphoric acid is corrosive. Mop up spillages immediately with plenty of water. Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are
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