Air Pollution in Hong Kong Chemistry Project the Written Report 1.Introduction 3 2.Sources of Air Pollution 3 - 7 1.Vehicles 4 - 5 1. Pollutants produced by vehicles 4 2. Reasons why pollutants are produced 4 3. Impacts of the pollutants from vehicles 4 - 5 4. Method to eliminate pollutants 5 2.Power Stations 6 - 7 1. Pollutants produced by power stations 6 2. Reasons why pollutants are produced 6 3. Impacts of the pollutants from power stations 6 4. Methods to eliminate
Premium Oxygen Ozone Air pollution
June 25‚ 2005 4:19 PM Notes on Theory • Alkenes o They are hydrocarbons with a C=C double bond • Double bonds are stronger and more reactive than single bonds o Hydrocarbons with double bonds used to be known as "olefins"‚ because they had an oily appearance • "Oleum" means oil • "Ficare" means make • Isomers o Geometric isomers have the same molecular formula‚ but a different geometric arrangement • They also have different physical properties o Alkenes exist as two different geometric isomers
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Buffer solution
Essential oils are volatile components associated with the aromas of seeds‚ bark‚ or roots of plants. In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol was isolated from ground cloves using steam distillation techniques. Eugenol had a high boiling point‚ but it was isolated at a lower temperature by performing a co-distillation with water‚ a process known as steam distillation. This technique allowed the desired material to be distilled at a lower temperature than 100℃. The point of the steam distillation
Premium Distillation
orbitals forms the σ bond‚ and one empty p orbital forms the π bond. This process is illustrated in the figure below: Sp2 hybrid orbitals: Unhybridized p orbital: (3 σ bonds) (1 π bond) _1 _1 _1 _1 Molecules with double bonds are alkenes‚ and they have restricted rotation around the double bond so they tend to form the cis and trans geometric isomers. While both of these isomers have the same molecular formula‚ they usually vary in many physical features. Cis isomers have two identical
Premium Atom Oxygen Electric charge
Multistep Synthesis of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone Author: Instructor: Date work performed: 10.18.2012--10.25.2012 Date work submitted: 11.01.2012 Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to perform a multistep synthesis to form tetraphenylcyclopentadienone. The first step of the reactions was to synthesize benzoin from the condensation of benzaldehyde. A yield of 28.91% benzoin was obtained. The MP of benzoin was 127O-130O C and the IR spectra displayed a carbonyl peak at 3415 cm-1
Premium Functional group Alcohol Aldehyde
Synthesis of an Alkyl Halide: A Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Unknown Letter: B 23 April 2013 Academic Integrity Statement: “Experimental data may be collected with other students in organic chemistry labs. However I understand that sharing information required for a lab report (including but not limited to word processing or spreadsheet files‚ calculations‚ graphs‚ conclusions and additional problems at the end of the lab report) with other students is a violation of the University
Premium Chemistry University Research
6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page i 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 5:02 PM Page ii 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/15/07 2:14 PM Page iii ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I AS A SECOND LANGUAGE Second Edition DR. DAVID R. KLEIN Johns Hopkins University JOHN WILEY & SONS‚ INC. 6753_Klein_00.qxd 5/1/07 Marketing Manager Production Manager Production Editor Cover Designer 5:02 PM Page iv Amanda Wygal Pamela
Free Atom Chemical bond Electron
AQA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 C 1: Fundamental ideas: C 1.1. Atoms‚ elements and compounds: * All substances are made up of atoms. * Elements contain only one atom. * Compounds contain more than one atom. * An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre‚ surrounded by electrons. C 1.2. Atomic structure: * Atoms are made up of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged‚ and electrons are negatively
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction PH
Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity. Organic Chemstry Laboratory Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity Introduction The concepts of stability and reactivity are fundamental to understanding chemistry. In this chapter we consider first the thermodynamic definition of chemical stability. We then consider chemical kinetics (Section 3.2) and how it can provide information about reactivity. We also explore how structure influences stability and reactivity. We want to learn how
Premium Chemical reaction Energy Enthalpy
had gone to completion. 3. IR Spectroscopy Peaks Peak Functional Group1 2362.05 cm-1 Very weak band 1712.90 cm-1 (Strongest peak) C=O (ketone) 1598.22 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1450.50 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1150.63 cm-1 Very weak band 735.43 cm-1 =C–H (alkene) 669.78 cm-1 Very weak band Attached is a published spectrum from: http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi Discussion 1. According to the melting point measured‚ the final product was quite pure. The melting point range determined
Premium Infrared Oxidizing agent Thin layer chromatography