To identify an unknown sample‚ there were several steps that helped determine the molecular structure and the name of the sample. When Belle #9 (unknown) was given to me‚ it’s physical state and color was recorded on the data sheet. Since the sample was a pure liquid‚ there was no need for distillation. Next‚ a solubility test was given. When one drop of the unknown liquid was added to about 2 mL of water‚ the sample was tested to be soluble due to the dissolubility between the two compounds. By
Premium Acid Chemistry Acetic acid
Chapter 2 The Components of Matter Elements‚ Compounds‚ and Mixtures: An Atomic Overview An element consists of only one kind of atom. An element is one kind of substance – the composition is fixed. Each element is unique because the properties of its atoms are unique. Molecules are structures containing two or more atoms chemically bound together. Diatomic molecules are two-atom molecules such as elemental oxygen. A compound is a type of matter in which two or more different elements are chemically
Premium Atom
temperature around 100C or less. The crude product was collected which contained water‚ 4-methylcyclohexene‚ and trace acid. D. Questions: 1. Outline a mechanism for the dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol catalyzed by phosphoric acid. 2. What major alkene product is produced by the dehydration of the following alcohols? a. Cyclohexanol Cyclohexene b. 1-Methylcyclohexanol methylcyclohexene c. 2-Methylcyclohexanol methylcyclohexne d. 2‚2-dimethylcyclohexanol 1‚2-dimethylcyclohexene 3. Compare
Free Distillation Sulfuric acid Infrared spectroscopy
Mass Spectrometry MS Interpretation General Interpretation Strategies i Wherever you see this symbol‚ it is important to access the on-line course as there is interactive material that cannot be fully shown in this reference manual. Aims and Objectives Aims and Objectives Aims • Introduces students to the principles of mass spectral interpretation. • Present fundamental concepts regarding mass spectral interpretation Objectives At the end of this Section you should be able to: •
Premium Mass spectrometry Molecule Atom
63.08% Discussion This experiment involved the addition of trans-cinnamic acid to bromine for the production of 2‚3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. This process depicted an electrophilic addition of a halogen to an asymmetrically substituted alkene. A result of this process was the presence of a stereospecific bromonium ion formed by the mechanism of the reaction. The mixing of 2.5g of trans-cinnamic acid with 14.6 ml of 10% bromine in dichloromethane over a low heat enable to increase the
Premium Stoichiometry Bromine Chemical reaction
it is used to oxidize the benzoic acid as well as acting as a catalyst for the reaction. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a very strong oxidant which is able to react with many functional groups‚ such as secondary alcohols‚ 1‚2-diols‚ aldehydes‚ alkenes‚ oximes‚ sulfides and thiols. It is heated under a reflux‚ this (heating in a flask with a condenser placed vertically in it) prevents any aldehyde formed in the reaction escape and allow it to have time to be oxidized to carboxylic acid.
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Oxygen
SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
Premium Amine Amide Amino acid
do this is to use a chemical test. There are multiple chemical tests that can be used‚ one of them being the bromine test. A bromine test is used to verify whether an OH group is present or not. Another test is used with KMNO4 to test whether and alkene is present or not. Using both chemical tests and infrared spectroscopy to analyze the substance it
Premium
form more stable carbocation intermediates than primary and secondary alcohols‚ tertiary alcohols are the most likely to follow the SN1 pathway. In SN1 reactions‚ the formation of a carbocation can lead to rearrangements. Also‚ elimination to form an alkene can occur. In this experiment‚ t-amyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-butanol) in the presence of concentrated HCl will undergo a substitution reaction to form t-amyl chloride. In order
Premium Alcohol Ethanol
yellow color. Cyclohexene: Completely Decolorized Discussion: 1) Assuming the reactions of these hydrocarbons are typical of the classes of compounds which they belong what can you say about the relative relativities of the three classes? The Alkenes are the most reactive type of hydrocarbon as in both reactions ‚ they decolorized when bromine water was added‚ of which is usually brown‚ and when potassium
Premium Potassium permanganate Acid Bromine