fourth edition ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Francis A. Carey University of Virginia Burr Ridge‚ IL Dubuque‚ IA Madison‚ WI New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto | v v Boston | e-Text Main Menu | Textbook Table of Contents | Study Guide Table of Contents McGraw-Hill Higher Education A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies ORGANIC CHEMISTRY‚ FOURTH EDITION
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Compiled SCH4U Course Review Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Bonding Section 3.3 Electron Configurations and Periodic Trends (pg. 139-157) Feb. 11 For single electron system all orbitals with the same value of have the same energy Atoms with more than 1 electron with the same value of n have different energies (sublevels) Because of interactions between additional electrons All orbitals within a sublevel have the same energy The Fourth Quantum Number: A property of the electron (spin quantum
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9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation‚ this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel‚ hydrogen gas‚ and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However‚ hydrogen gas is dangerous due to being very flammable/combustible. Therefore
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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dominated by this effect‚ and usually results in the C-X bond being broken (either in a substitution or elimination process). This reactivity makes alkyl halides useful chemical reagents. Nomenclature According to IUPAC‚ alkyl halides are treated as alkanes with a halogen substituent. The halogen prefixes are Fluoro-‚ Chloro-‚ Bromo- and Iodo-. Examples: H Cl CH3 H F CH2CH3 fluoroethane trans-1-chloro-3-methylcyclopentane Often compounds of CH2X2 type are called methylene halides. (CH2Cl2 is
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between the pure tert-butyl chloride and not. In this experiment‚ tert-butyl chloride is synthesized from tert-butyl alcohol. Introduction Alkyl Halides (also known as halogenoalkanes or haloalkanes) are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons‚ although the distinction is not often made. Alkyl Halides are widely used commercially and‚ consequently‚ are known under many chemical and commercial names. A
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economic‚ social‚ and health aspects. Alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon compound‚ which is‚ consists of C-C and C-H single bonds. Alkanes are highly combustible and it is a valuable fuel‚ and during combustion reaction‚ alkane can release a very large amount of heat and the product yield from this reaction is H2O (water)‚ and CO2 (carbon dioxide) or CO (carbon monoxide)‚ in which depends on whether the reaction is complete or incomplete. The first 4 alkanes‚ Methane‚ ethane‚ propane‚ and butane‚
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function. 8. AHydrocarbons Ahydrocarbons are commonly and naturally occurring organic compounds that consist entirely of the elements hydrogen and carbon. They consist of many different chemical subgroups such as aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes‚ alkanes‚ alkenes‚ and alkyne-based
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UniKL MICET TRANSFER DEGREE PROGRAM 1ST YEAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Summary of Units (Modules) Module Subjects Credits Semester Offered CPE 1002 Chemical Engineering Design Chemical Process Principles 1 3 1 Chemical Process Principles 2 3 2 Engineering Design 3 2 CPE 1003 Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Fluid Mechanics 3 2 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 3 2 CPE 1004 Chemical Engineering Science Physical Chemistry 3 1 Chemical
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S-20 Week 1 Alkenes: Isomers and Nomenclature 1. There are 6 unique alkene isomers of the hydrocarbon C5H10. Draw each of these isomers‚ and provide a systematic name for each. 1-pentene (E)-2-pentene (Z)-2-pentene 2-methyl-1-butene 2-methyl-2-butene 3-methyl-1-butene 2. For the three alkenes above which are various isomers of pentene‚ rank them in order of stability. Explain your ranking. most stable (more subst. double bond) less stable (cis alkene is slightly less
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