Nervous System The nervous system is the part of an animal’s body that coordinates the voluntary and involuntary actions of the animal and transmits signals between different parts of its body. In most types of animals it consists of two main parts‚ the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves‚ which are long fibers that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. The PNS includes motor
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to physics was his invention of radio activity and the work he did with protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons‚ where he concluded that an atom is mostly made up of empty space and the actual size of the atom is far smaller than the space it occupies. Before Rutherford had done his experiment‚ J.J Thompson had a theory that the negative charged electrons in an atom were floating around in positive charge. Thompson’s “plum pudding model” helped show his theory. Although‚ in 1911‚ Rutherford disproved
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** Atom and Introduction to Nuclear physics ** Introduction Alpha-particle scattering 2.1 Experimental set-up ➢ Alpha particle o is a high-energy helium nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons. o has 2 positive charges. ➢ Gold foil was chosen since it has a high atomic mass. Thin gold foil‚ ~10-6m was bombarded by high-energy alpha particles. ➢ Angular deflections/ scattering of alpha particles were measured by observing
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electrons! The Octet Rule REMEMBER! All elements want to be like the noble gases. All elements want full electron shells. All elements want 8 valence electrons. The Octet Rule Atoms form chemical bonds so that they have an octet of valence electrons‚ either by gaining‚ losing‚ or sharing valence electrons. When atoms bond together‚ they each want a set of 8 valence electrons. NOMENCLATURE SUMMARY OF RULES!!!! IONIC/ UNIVALENT 1. Full name of metal first. 2. Name of non-metal second‚ BUT
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Describe the difference between a mixture and a compound. A compound is a substance in which atoms of different elements are chemically held to one another. A mixture is a substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components‚ a compound cannot. Below are some examples of the differences between each. Compounds •Compounds are pure substances. •They are made up of two or more
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for the procedure. The first step is to sort the 3 different types of candies (atoms) into 3 different isotopes. Secondly‚ we have to count all the atoms of each isotope and record the numbers
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Grade 10 Science –Chemistry Ionic Compounds Science Perspectives 10 - Section 5.6 Pages 192-195 Compound • A Pure Substance composed of two or more elements in a FIXED RATIO Ionic Compound • A compound made up of one or more positive metal ions (cations) and one or more negative non-metal ions (anions) Ionic Bond • The simultaneous strong attraction of positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. As noted‚ ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals. Yet‚ “why
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Models of the Atom: a Historical Perspective John Dalton Early Greek Theories • 400 B.C. - Democritus thought matter could not be divided indefinitely. • This led to the idea of atoms in a void. fire Democritus • 1800 -Dalton proposed a modern atomic model based on experimentation not on pure reason. All matter is made of atoms. Atoms of an element are identical. Each element has different atoms. Atoms of different elements combine in constant ratios to form compounds. • Atoms are rearranged
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graduation examination in mathematics. Trinity gave him a fellowship and he stayed on there‚ trying to craft mathematical models that would reveal the nature of atoms and electromagnetic forces. One hundred years ago‚ amidst glowing glass tubes and the hum of electricity‚ the British physicist J.J. Thomson went venturing into the interior of the atom. At the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University‚ Thomson was experimenting with currents of electricity inside empty glass tubes. He was investigating
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products are separated by putting an arrow between them to show the direction of the reaction. Reactions at equilibrium will have arrows facing both directions. 2 Balance the equation. Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to get the same number of atoms of every element on each side of the
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