CHM 116 Lab Investigations of Buffers I. Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to get an understanding as to how to properly prepare chemical buffers. Also part of this experiment was to gauge the effectiveness of the buffers by measuring their pH levels in various titration solutions‚ using a pH meter. II. Procedure To start our experiment we had to prepare Buffer B‚ which was the .060 M Ammonia/Ammonium solution. Using 3.0 M ammonia‚ we had to calculate
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The relationship between Ka and pKa is that Ka is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of a weak acid and pKa is the half-equivalence point where pH=pKa. In addition to the pH‚ Ka is an indication of an acids strength; pKa = - log Ka. B. The potential sources for errors in this experiment are the inconsistent
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If pH > pI‚ then the protein will have a negative charge and if pH < pI‚ the protein will have a positive charge. Buffer I has a pH >5‚ meaning both proteins carry a negative charge and bind to the DEAE (a positively charged resin). (b) pH = pKa + log10(Base/Acid) [Base = mM of sodium acetate; Acid = mM of acetic acid] = 4.7 + log10 (40/40) = 4.7 In order for the catalase to elute from the column‚ it must have lost its negative charge and stopped binding to the DEAE. Lowering the pH
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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Monitoring the pH range of a laboratory reaction or a process is very important. It is important to keep the pH almost constant even when addition of acids or bases takes place. One can easily know if a solution is an acid or a base using a visual indicator. Indicators are organic dye added to a solution that changes color base on the concentration of H3O ions in the solution
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Acids‚ Bases‚ and Buffers Introduction: The pH scale is used to determine how acidic or basic a solution is‚ ranging from 1-14. The most acidic of all acids are at a pH level of 1 and the most basic of all bases are at 14. The neutral pH level is 7‚ which is what drinking water is. The pH level is determined by the amount of H+ ions present in a solution‚ and the more H+ ions there are the more acidic it is‚ and the lack of these ions results in more basic solutions. One distinguishing feature
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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water. References: [1] Mohrig‚ J. R.; Hammond‚ C. N.; Morrill‚ T. C.; Neckers‚ D. C. 1998 Experimental Organic Chemistry‚ New York: Freeman‚ pp. 32-36. [2] www.chemblink.com II. Potentiometric Determination of the Purity and Acid Dissociation Constant of Salicylic Acid Purpose: Part II of the experiment utilizes the concept of potentiometric titration in the determination of the pKa‚ a measure of the relative acidity of an acid‚ of the salicylic acid product in Part I. Potentiometric titration
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Pharmaceutical Applications (1) Preparation of such dosage forms as injections and ophthalmic solutions which are placed directly into pH-sensitive body fluids (2) Manufacture of formulations in which the pH must be maintained at a relatively constant level to ensure maximum product
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changes of indicators.The colour change of indicators in unknown 1 and unknown 2 can be observed by comparing with the colour of standard solution which was prepared in Test tube1‚Test tube 2‚Test tube 3‚Test tube 4‚Test tube 5 and Test tube 6. Constant variables : 1.The number of drops of indicators which was put in the unknown solutions and standard solutions 2.Volume of water filled in the 50.0ml measuring cylinder 3.Temperature of deionised water 4.Type
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Chapter One Business Now: Change Is the Only Constant Review Questions What factors contribute to the rapid pace of change in business? Is the pace likely to accelerate or decrease over the next decade? Why? Financial Institutions got a bailout By President Obama in 2009‚ Mortgage values dropped‚ financial institutions begin to Feel the pressure especially firms such as Bear Stearns that specialized in trading Mortgage backed securities. There was $61.7bn in losses with
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