electrical charge that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane. Cell Body: Life support center of the neuron. Dendrites: Branching extensions at the cell body. Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron‚ covered with myelin [MY‐uh‐lin] sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons. Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons
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shapes‚ most contain the same basic structure. A neuron consists of three parts: a cell body‚ dendrites‚ and an axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and the dendrites receive input from other neurons through the use of their widely branching structures. Dendrite comes from a Greek word meaning "tree". The axon transmits information to other cells. Differing from the dendrites‚ the axon is a long‚ thin fiber with branches at its tip.
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(pp. 526–527; Fig. 14.2) 1. The somatic nervous system stimulates skeletal muscles‚ while the ANS innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands. 2. In the somatic nervous system‚ the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain. 3. The neurotransmitter released by the somatic motor neurons is acetylcholine‚ which always has an excitatory effect; the neurotransmitters released by the ANS
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At rest‚ a nerve cell maintains a difference in charge between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane. This difference in charge is continued by three factors. Firstly‚ in the cell membrane‚ there are sodium potassium ‘pumps’ crossing the membrane which are proteins that bring 2 potassium ions into the cell‚ for every 3 sodium ions it pumps out. As well as this‚ there are protein channels which allow potassium ions in the cell to flow out via facilitated diffusion. Potassium diffuses out
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Melissa Fellin 10/6/13 A.P. Psych Review Intro There are two communication systems in the brain The Nervous System and the Endocrine System Nervous System: extensive network of nerve cells that carry messages in pulses of electrical and chemical energy throughout the body. This is the network that first comes to your rescue by accelerating you heart and tensing your muscles for action. Endocrine System: a slower acting communication network that sends a follow up message that
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and synapse transmission. The synapse is the small gap separating two neurons‚ the presynaptic neuron (neuron that carries the impulse to the synapse‚) and postsynaptic neuron (neuron that carries the impulse away from the synapse.) It separates the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron from the postsynaptic neuron. The synapse is made of three major parts: a presynaptic neuron‚ a postsynaptic neuron‚ and a synaptic cleft. The presynaptic neuron contains the neurotransmitters‚ mitochondria‚ endoplasmic
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Immaculate Heart of Mary College SY 2012-2013 BIOLOGY EXCRETORY SYSTEM MODULE Urea is the main nitrogenous waste excreted by most mammals and is formed in the liver. It circulates the body and most of the urea produced by the body is transported to the kidneys. ORGANS OF EXCRETION ORGAN | WASTE EXCRETED | Skin | Sweat | Lungs | Carbon dioxide | Liver | Water‚ salts | Large intestine | Feces | Kidneys | Urine | THE KIDNEYS The kidneys are the main organs of excretion
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C. What gives a multipolar neuron its name? Their many branches‚ processes and extensions that come off of their cell bodies. D. What are the functions of the dendrites and axons? Dendrites receive incoming signals for the nerve cell. Axons are the branches from the cell body that carry the outgoing signals of the cells to other cells in the body‚ including other
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R E V I E W NAME ____________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ S H E E T EXERCISE 21 Print Form Spinal Cord‚ Spinal Nerves‚ and the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 1. Match each anatomical term in the key to the descriptions given below. Key: a. cauda equina 1. 2. 3. 4. b. conus medullaris c. filum terminale d. foramen magnum most superior boundary of the spinal cord meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus spinal cord
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R E V I E W NAME ____________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE _______________________ S H E E T EXERCISE 21 Print Form Spinal Cord‚ Spinal Nerves‚ and the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 1. Match each anatomical term in the key to the descriptions given below. Key: a. D C B A cauda equina 1. 2. 3. 4. b. conus medullaris c. filum terminale d. foramen magnum most superior boundary of the spinal cord meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus spinal
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