probable phylogenetic tree. The earliest methods of calculating the maximum likelihood used gene frequency data‚ and more recent approaches involve algorithms of amino acid and nucleotide sequences. The general equation for the likelihood L of a phylogenetic tree is defined as the probability of observing the data in a given tree under a specific substitution pattern‚ L=(data│tree). The tree with the highest L value is the most probable tree out of all of the possible tree constructions. The likelihood
Premium Normal distribution
Organisations cannot operate without communication. Communication can take various forms but all forms involve the transfer of information from one party to others. It is also one of the things that most companies struggle with. A big part of the challenge is that there are so many different people you have to communicate with and it often has to be done in different ways. Communications are at the very heart of all business activity. So it is essential that people in a company assess such practices
Premium Communication Public relations Organization
this blog belongs to me‚ Pankaj. visit this blog and know me and my way of thinking. samaj the society samaj the society Newer Post Older Post Home Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) Monday‚ April 4‚ 2011 Posted by Pankaj Bora at 10:18 PM BEHAVIORAL AND POST BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO POLITICAL SCIENCE Meaning and definition of Behavioural Approach: The behavioural approach to political science mainly emphasizes on scientific‚ objective and value free study of political phenomenon
Premium Political science Scientific method Behavior
Regulations and requirements for internal quality assurance in own area of practice: organisation policies and procedures e.g. health and safety‚ equal opportunities‚ recording and reporting‚ quality assurance strategy‚ contribution to internal reviewing processes/self-assessment review (SAR); regulatory bodies e.g. standards‚ levels‚ performance/assessment criteria‚ skills‚ knowledge‚ understanding‚ awarding organisation‚ SSC‚ Ofqual‚ Ofsted‚ employer‚ measure of accountability‚ benchmarking.
Premium Management Evaluation Quality assurance
Exploring Internal Stickiness: Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice Within The Firm. The author wants to highlight problems with transfer of internal knowledge within firms and also disagree to previous beliefs of the cause for the lack of transfer‚ blaming knowledge related factors as the cause for this “internal stickiness”. The ability to transfer best practices internally is critical for companies to get a competitive advantage. The author analyzes “internal stickiness” of knowledge
Premium Best practice Motivation Process modeling
Institute of Accountants has approved this Guideline for publication. These guidelines have been adapted by the Internal Audit Committee of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants from the publication "Guidance for Internal Auditors" issued in June 1990 under the aegis of the Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (CCAB) in the United Kingdom. These guidelines provide advice to internal auditors on the main issues and procedures which they need to consider as part of their work in both the commercial
Premium Auditing Internal audit Audit
INTERNAL AUDIT 1 Internal audit ‘Internal audit’ is an appraisal activity established by management for the review of accounting and internal control systems as a service to the entity. It reviews‚ monitors and make recommendations for the improvement of systems. Other activities include: Examination of financial information Review of economy‚ efficiency and effectiveness (‘value-for-money’ audits) Review of compliance with external laws and regulations Review of internal policies Review
Premium Auditing Audit Internal audit
the case study In the early 1980’s‚ Robinson Mason was a long-established UK multinational with a plethora of very commonly known consumer brands‚ enjoying a strong presence throughout Western Europe. This ranged from fully-fledged manufacturing‚ marketing and distribution in some countries to local sales offices in others. In the past each country had its own appointed general manager‚ this was all fine as long as the country had surpassed financial and objective targets set out. Manufacturing
Premium Management
International Marketing AD655 International Business‚ Economics‚ and Cultures Introduction The last two decades‚ probably after World War II the economic growth have speeded up by multinational enterprise. In the 1990s foreign direct investment made by these firms grew as faster arte than both international trade and GDP (Cieslik & Ryan‚ 2011). The foreign direct investment already created lots of fortune for world economy; however‚ it is not luck to each international firm. Some of them
Premium Marketing
AUDIT MANAGEMENT | | | |(Topic: Internal Control & Related Aspects) | | | |
Premium Internal control