Experimental Synthesis of Bupropion – A round bottom flask (RBF) containing m-chloropropiophenone (1.0 g‚ 5.9 mmol) dissolved in 5.0 mL dichloromethane (DCM) with 0.25 mL of 1.0 M Br2 in DCM was briefly warmed to initiate the bromination reaction. Afterwards‚ the RBF was placed in and ice-water bath and 1.0 M Br2 in DCM (6.0 mL‚ 6.25 mmol) was added dropwise while stirring. DCM was removed from the reaction by rotary evaporation. Next‚ tert-butylamine (5.0 mL‚ 47.6 mmol) and 5.0 mL of N-methylpyrrolidinone
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Polymer Chemistry Classification of Polymers – Notes prepared by The most common way of classifying polymers is to separate them into three groups - thermoplastics‚ thermosets‚ and elastomers5. The thermoplastics can be divided into two types - those that are crystalline and those that are amorphous. You may click on the words in the diagram below to learn more about these classifications. Thermoplastics Molecules in a thermoplastic are held together by relatively weak intermolecular
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AQA GCSE Chemistry Unit 1 C 1: Fundamental ideas: C 1.1. Atoms‚ elements and compounds: * All substances are made up of atoms. * Elements contain only one atom. * Compounds contain more than one atom. * An atom has a tiny nucleus in its centre‚ surrounded by electrons. C 1.2. Atomic structure: * Atoms are made up of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. * Protons and electrons have equal and opposite electrical charges. Protons are positively charged‚ and electrons are negatively
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had gone to completion. 3. IR Spectroscopy Peaks Peak Functional Group1 2362.05 cm-1 Very weak band 1712.90 cm-1 (Strongest peak) C=O (ketone) 1598.22 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1450.50 cm-1 C=C (aromatic) 1150.63 cm-1 Very weak band 735.43 cm-1 =C–H (alkene) 669.78 cm-1 Very weak band Attached is a published spectrum from: http://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi Discussion 1. According to the melting point measured‚ the final product was quite pure. The melting point range determined
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Diels-Alder reactions are steriospecific (cis-alkenes form cis substituted and trans-alkenes form trans-substituted); this is called syn addition‚ the configuration of dienophiles is always retained in the product. The diene and dienophile react in such a way that the endo product is formed rather than the exo
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NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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also be cracked by thermal or steam cracking. ================================ Properties of Alkanes and Alkenes Alkenes have similar physical properties to the corresponding alkanes. They are both non-polar molecules with weak dispersion forces being the only intermolecular forces involved. Ethene‚ propene‚ and butenes are gases at room temp. as are the corresp alkanes. The higher alkenes‚ like the alkanes‚ are liquids. However‚ they are different chemically. ================================
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SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST 2012 UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE‚ PAKISTAN STRUCTURE OF ENTRANCE TEST PAPER 2012 Sr.# Subject No. of Questions 1. PHYSICS 44 2. CHEMISTRY 58 3. ENGLISH 30 4. BIOLOGY 88 TOTAL 220 CONTENTS PHYSICS Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions CHEMISTRY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions ENGLISH Syllabus Self Test Questions BIOLOGY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions PAGE# 1-5 6 7-9 10-21 22 23-28 29-34 35-36 37-44 45 46-51 PHYSICS
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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16‚ 2005 INTRODUCTION “Essential oils” are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation‚ which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The principle
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Jr.‚ 2013). This reaction is best used for making six membered rings with different functional groups. The reaction is called a 4+2 cycloaddition because a ring is formed by four pi electrons in the diene interacting with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne (Wade‚ Jr.‚ 2013). In this experiment anthracene was used as the diene and considered to be electron rich in the reaction. Maleic anhydride was the electron poor dienophile used in the reaction. The reaction converted two pi bonds into two
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