Explosives A chemical explosive is a compound or a mixture of compounds susceptible of a rapid chemical reaction causing a quick physical outburst of gases or heat radiation. The first explosives were created by the Chinese in the 11th century. These were mixtures of nitrate salts‚ sulfur and charcoal‚ now known as black powder. Gunpowder which is a low explosive‚ exhibits deflagration‚ or rapid burning‚ rather than detonation‚ the reaction exhibited by high explosives. While‚ perhaps counterintuitively
Premium Nitrogen Nuclear weapon
f Fractional Distillation of a Solution Results 1. On a single graph‚ plot boiling point versus volume of distillate curves for the two distillations of the cyclohexane/toluene solutions (one from the simple distillation experiment and one from the fractional distillation experiment). The graph is to be computer generated and presentation quality (e.g.‚ appropriately scaled and labeled axes‚ descriptive title‚ and discernable data points). The data points are to be connected with a smooth
Premium Distillation Evaporation Water
is growing steadily and has reached almost 600 KTA which is expected to increase further by another 400 KTA by the end of 12th 5 year plan. There is a need for capacity expansion for Benzene. The primary source for benzene supply is reformate or toluene transalkylation based production units which accounted for about 400 KTA and 620 KTA of capacity respectively. Lower purity Benzene from coke ovens also accounts for small amount of supply addition. A new aromatic complex with Benzene capacity of
Premium Benzene Petrochemical Fiber
with some organic functional group and test certain reactions of selected functional groups. To do the first part of the experiment (combustion test)‚ instructor demonstration in hood‚ and record the observation. Part A (combustion of toluene) pour 1 milliliter of toluene into a evaporating dish and ignite it with a flaming wood splint. Most importantly put the flame with a watchglass. Part B (combustion of ethyl alcohol)‚ pour 1 mL of ethyl alcohol into an evaporating dish and same as part A ignite
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Water
biosurfactants on the first-order biodegradation rate constant for a microbial consortium growing on a mixture of hydrocarbons representing four structural classes of hydrocarbons. The microbial biodegradation rate of hexadecane‚ dodecane‚ benzene‚ toluene‚ iso-octane‚ pristane (2‚6‚10‚14 tetramethyl pentadecane)‚ naphthalene‚ and phenanthrene in the presence and absence of a mixture of rhamnolipid biosurfactant was determined. A first-order biodegradation model was applied in these studies to better
Premium Hydrocarbon
most successful when using Michael addition to form nitroalkenes from aldehydes. The products formed from this reaction were highly selective. N-unprotected 3-substituted 2-oxindoles were transformed to nitrostyrene under simple reaction conditions. Toluene was used as the solvent in this experiment. The results of this reaction determined that there was not a requirement to protect nitrogen to obtain these
Premium Oxygen Chemistry Hydrogen
3-decanol‚ toluene will have a higher Rf value than benzoic acid‚ and cyclooctane will have a higher Rf value than cycloctanone. This is because they are not as polar as the compounds with lower Rf values‚ the compounds that are most polar tend to stay longer with the polar adsorbent‚ while the least polar compound travels with the eluent that is lower in polarity. 2. TLC in today’s experiment stands for Thin Layer Chromatography. 3. From least polar to the most polar: Heptane-Toluene-Acetone-Methanol-Acetic
Premium Thin layer chromatography Chromatography
Results and Discussion – Expt. 3 (Crystallization) Name: Parts A and B: 1. Please comment on the relative purity of your recrystallized salicylic acid (Hint: You should use your empirical data to support your claim). -The Salicylic acid that I obtained had a melting point range around 157-158 degrees Celsius for Part A. For Part B the melting point range was 156-157.5 degree Celsius. Part B‚ I would say the sample is less pure because of the notion that impurities lower the melting point
Premium Temperature Purity Celsius
CHE656 Computer Applications for Chemical Engineering Practice Process Simulation with ASPEN PLUS Exercise Problems Version 2012 Prepared by Dr. Hong-ming Ku King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Chemical Engineering Department Chemical Engineering Practice School © May 2004-2012 – Use with Permission of the Author Only 1 Section 1 Elementary Modules‚ Mass Balances‚ and Degree of Freedom Analysis 2 1. Mass Balances and Constraints with Elementary Modules
Premium Chemical engineering Benzene Chemical reaction
purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound is being heated. A separatory
Free Solvent Acetic acid Ethanol