of plankton populations in the ocean’sphotic zone may result from the increased UV exposure due to ozone depletion. Causes Scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being destroyed by a group of manufactured chemicals‚ containing chlorine and/or bromine. These chemicals are called "ozone-depleting substances" (ODS). ODS are very stable‚
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attached to the nitrogen atom and adding the word amine. In the IUPAC System‚ apply the following rules to name amines: 1. Pick out the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. The parent name comes from the alkane of the same number of carbons. 2. Change the -e of the alkane to “amine.” 3. Locate and name any substituents‚ keeping in mind that the chain is numbered away from the amine group. Substituents‚ which are attached to the nitrogen atom instead of the carbon of the chain‚ are designated
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This paper is an analysis conducted on Nucleic Acids through a variety of tests specifically‚ Dische‚ Murexide‚ Wheeler-Johnson and Phosphate Tests in order to exemplify structural features of nucleic acids as well as identify the principle involved in each chemical test. Different procedures and different test compounds were applied‚ and results were noted as for changes in colors of precipitates or solutions. For Dische Test‚ light blue was obtained for RNA and dark violet for DNA. For Murexide
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determining step is the first step of the reaction. This experiment deals with activating substituents that increase the rate of reaction. In the first rate determining step‚ the electron density rich pi bonds of benzene react with the electrophile (Bromine) to form a resonance stabilized carbocation. This step is the most important factor that decides which substituents make benzene react faster. This is because the rate of the reaction can be determined through the stability of the carbocation transition
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Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides Ankita Patel August 6‚ 2013 Introduction This lab consisted of the conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides through common substitution methods. These methods include SN1 and SN2 mechanism‚ both of which can occur for this type of reaction. For both reactions‚ the first step of protonation will be to add hydrogen to the –OH group and then the rest of the reaction will proceed according to the type of mechanism. SN1 reactions form a cation intermediate
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M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M MARKSCHEME May 2012 CHEMISTRY Standard Level Paper 2 13 pages –2– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M This markscheme is confidential and for the exclusive use of examiners in this examination session. It is the property of the International Baccalaureate and must not be reproduced or distributed to any other person without the authorization of IB Cardiff. –3– M12/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX/M General Marking Instructions Assistant Examiners (AEs) will be contacted by
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Chapters 2.8-2.10: alcohols‚ halogenoalkanes‚ mechanisms and spectra Consolidation questions 1. Give the names of the two primary alcohols with the molecular formula C4H10O. butan-1-ol 2-methyl propan-1-ol 2. Write the equation‚ using state symbols‚ for the reaction of ethanol with sodium. CH3CH2OH(l) + Na(s) CH3CH2O-Na+(alc) + ½ H2(g) 3. Name the organic product above. Sodium ethoxide 4. Give the names and structural formulae for the two possible products
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Name _________________________________________ Date _________________________ Period ____ Homework Chapter 7: Electronic Structure of Atoms Exercises: Sections 7.4‚ 7.5 : Ionization Energy and Electron Affinities 1. Write equations that show the process for (a) The first two ionization energies of gallium; first: Ga(g) → Ga+(g) + 1 e– second: Ga+(g) → Ga2+(g) + 1 e– (b) the fourth ionization energy of rhodium. fourth: Rh3+(g) → Rh4+(g) + 1 e–
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Pheromones: Chemical Messanger Have you ever wonder how does an insect communicate? Unlike other living organisms‚ insects don’t have the ability to speak and communicate. Some insects may even look like they have eyes but they cannot see through them. So how does these insects communicate with each other? Simple‚ they send chemical signals that can easily be detected by other insects of their own kind. These chemicals are called pheromones. These are some examples of insects that contain and
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To identify an unknown sample‚ there were several steps that helped determine the molecular structure and the name of the sample. When Belle #9 (unknown) was given to me‚ it’s physical state and color was recorded on the data sheet. Since the sample was a pure liquid‚ there was no need for distillation. Next‚ a solubility test was given. When one drop of the unknown liquid was added to about 2 mL of water‚ the sample was tested to be soluble due to the dissolubility between the two compounds. By
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