Production of materials 1B – identify the industrial source of ethylene from the cracking of some of the fractions from the refining of petroleum Industrial source of ethylene (ethene) * Obtained from Crude oil – fractional distillation * Heated to high temps * Components vaporise and rise up tower where condense and collect * Lower the boiling point‚ higher up tower compound rises * Separates crude oil into fraction each with different boiling range - Catalytic Cracking
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environment have resulted in numerous ripple effects including the acidification of the ocean. The ocean is a complex mixture of chemicals primarily consisting of water‚ sodium chloride and trace elements of magnesium‚ sulfur‚ potassium‚ calcium and bromine. Calcium is the most important constituent as it is important in sustaining marine life and plays a role in the chemical balance of the ocean. The acidification of the ocean‚ precipitated by global warming‚ is causing a change in the chemical interactions
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Goals The main goal of this project is to learn how to identify the properties of an unknown ionic compound. In order to do this successfully the group has to use a variety of methods and run several tests on the unknown compound. By doing this the group will be able to identify the different chemical and physical properties of the compound that will help obtain the identity of the specific compound given. The group will devise two syntheses of the compound‚ and compare them for cost effectiveness
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separate these two compounds column chromatography can be used to exploit the weaker polarity of 4-bromonitrobenzene. 4-Bromonitrobenzene has a weaker polarity due to its nitro group being in a para position thus lessening the electronegative effects of bromine on the other side of the ring by pulling electron density toward the ring1. Column
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om the US Food and Drug administration(FDA)‚ BPA can possibly cause hazards to foetuses‚ infants‚ and young children. The adverse effects of BPA will be explained in details in plastics No. 7. 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) – Safe Problem: antimony‚ EA PET are often used to hold soft drinks‚ water‚ juice‚ sports drinks and other drinkable or edible liquids. It is also used in microwavable food trays and oven-friendly thin plastic. This plastic is considered to be safe but there is still risk
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A Synthesis of Safrole and o-Safrole W.H. Perkin & V.M. Trikojus J. Chem. Soc. 1663 (1927) HTML by Rhodium No direct synthesis of safrole has been recorded‚ the most recent attempt being that of Baker and Robinson (JCS‚ 1925‚ 127‚ 1424)‚ who distilled the product of the action of silver oxide and water upon gamma-piperonylpropyltrimethylammonium iodide‚ but obtained isosafrole‚ the double bond moving into the position of greater stability. Kawai (Sci. Papers Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.‚ 1925‚ 3‚ 263)
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The SN2 reaction requires three qualities: a strong nucleophile‚ a good‚ unhindered leaving group‚ and a polar‚ aprotic solvent. For our reaction‚ we have all three bases covered. The nucleophile is an alkoxide‚ a deprotonated alcohol. Technically‚ because our alcohol is a phenol‚ the conjugate base is called a phenoxide. Phenol itself has a pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for
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6. What is the mass of 3.01 x 1023 atoms of sulfur? 7. What is the mass of 2.41 x 1024 molecules of water? 8. What is the formula mass (molar mass) of ammonium nitrate? 9. How many moles are in 56.2 grams of bromine gas? 10. What is the mass of 2.67 moles of sulfuric acid? 11. What is the mass of 3.5 moles of sodium sulfide? 12. Calculate the mass of 0.354 moles of ammonia‚ NH3. 13. Calculate the mass of 3.54 moles of sodium
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layer is there to protect life from the ultraviolent rays from the sun. These layers become depleted due to high concentrations of chlorine or bromine atoms and include chlorofluorocarbons‚ or CFC’s‚ halons‚ methyl bromide‚ carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform (King & Media n.d.). Since the automobiles‚ emission gases contain few chlorine or bromine; therefore‚ they have little effect on depleting the ozone layers. However‚ the different gases and particles that automobiles emit affect our
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million eggs during a single breeding season. The only natural control is a species of diving duck. Hot water will kill zebra mussels (only useful for a very small bilge!). Chlorine will also kill them‚ but is very toxic to marine life. Potassium‚ bromine‚ ozone and ultraviolet light are less toxic alternatives are difficult to apply under water. A novel experiment was reported at the Sixth International Zebra Mussel and other Aquatic Nuisance Species Conference in March 1996.zebra mussel’s are about
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