Ionic Reactions Abstract This experiment is designed to study the nature of ionic reactions‚ and write net ionic equations for precipitation reactions‚ as well as to identify spectator ions‚ perception reactions and solubility of different compounds. Experiment and Observations In this experiment I was using a 96-well plate to add two drops of the following solutions into seven wells in rows A through E: cobalt (II) nitrate‚ copper (II) nitrate‚ iron (III) nitrate‚ barium
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CHAPTER 1 EVOLUTION- the process of change that has transformed life on Earth BIOLOGY- scientific study of life EMERGENT PROPERTIES- result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system SYSTEMS BIOLOGY- constructs models for the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems EUKARYOTIC CELL- has membrane enclosed organelles‚ the largest of which is usually the nucleus PROKARYOTIC CELL- simpler and smaller‚ does not contain nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles DNA- (Deoxyribonucleic
Free Atom Electron Chemical bond
Use of Ionic liquids in Industrial Applications Samar Noureldin ‚ Amel Elsadig ‚ Mohammed Mahjob Department of Chemical engineering ‚ University of Khartoum‚ Sudan Paper of 4th grade project ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
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complex should be enclosed in square brackets [ ]‚ charged or not. 2 . The symbol of the metal is written first‚ followed by anionic ligands‚ and finally by neutral ligands. Example: Ca[Cu(OH)3 (Br)(NH3 )2 ] N omenclature 1 . The cation is named before the anion. Ca[Cu(OH)3 (Br)(NH3 )2 ] calcium _________________________ 2 . Within a complex‚ the ligands are named first‚ in alphabetical order‚ the metal ion last. calcium ___ammine___bromo___hydroxocopper____ 3 . The number of ligands of
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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Celsius at 1 atmosphere of pressure. Atmosphere is a unit for measuring pressure Avogadro’s number = 6.02 x 1023 volume of 1 mol of any gas at STP = 22.4 L Ion- atoms or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge Anion- negatively charged ion Cation- positively charged ion Molecules- small‚ electrically neutral “units”; maintain the properties of that substance Formula unit- the lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound Products are on the right side of the yield
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Alkyl Halides Alkyl halides are a class of compounds where a halogen atom or atoms are bound to an sp3 orbital of an alkyl group. CHCl3 (Chloroform: organic solvent) CF2Cl2 (Freon-12: refrigerant CFC) CF3CHClBr (Halothane: anesthetic) Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon atoms‚ and so the C-Hal bond is polarized. H H μ C + C-l δ δ H The C-X bond is polarized in such a way that there is partial positive charge on the carbon and partial negative charge on the halogen. Dipole moment
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example of redox reaction. Ans.: - A redox reaction is one in which reduction and oxidation occurs simultaneously. (i) Cathode (Reducing electrode) : – At cathode‚ the cations gain electrons to form neutral atoms. As electrons are gained‚ the ion is said to be reduced. (ii) Anode (Oxidizing electrode) : – At anode‚ the anions lose electrons to form neutral atoms. As electrons are lost‚ the ion is said to be oxidized. Q. 8. What kind of particles will be found in a liquid compound which is a non-electrolyte
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CORROSION Corrosion is defined as the involuntary destruction of substances such as metals and mineral building material by surrounding media‚ which are usually liquid (i.e. corrosive agents)." Most metals corrode. During corrosion‚ they change into metallic ions. In some cases‚ the product of corrosion itself forms a protective coating. "For example‚ aluminium forms a thin protective oxide layer which is impervious to air and water. In other cases (e.g. iron)‚ however‚ the coating either flakes
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a pH of 7. Neutralization reactions occur when an acid is mixed with a base. The product of this reaction is a salt and water. These reactions are double displacement reactions‚ because the cation of the base mixes with the anion from the acid‚ forming a base‚ and the hydrogen from the acid mixes with the anion from the base‚ forming water. In this reaction‚ the sodium ion from the sodium hydroxide attracts to the acetate ion from the acetic acid‚ and the extra hydride ion bonds with the negative
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