if heat is absorbed by the reaction (positive sign)‚ and exothermic if heat is released by the reaction (negative sign). If a reaction is reversed‚ the sign of ΔH is also reversed. The heat change that results from the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in the regular states is known as its standard heat of formation (∆°f). The specific heat of the solution is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the solution by 1°C. To find the enthalpy change of
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candle‚ a lightbulb‚ bioluminescent light is produced with very little heat radiation. This aspect of bioluminescence especially interested early scientists who explored it. The light is the result of a biochemical reaction in which the oxidation of a compound called "Luciferin" and the reaction was catalyzed by an enzyme called "Luciferase". The light generated by this biochemical reaction has been utilized by scientists as a bioindicator for Tuberculosis as well as heavy metals. On going research
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scene and looks for human remains‚ blood or other bodily fluids and collects samples of any that if found. Since all bodily fluids (mainly those that have been cleaned up after) are not noticeable to the naked eye‚ the scientist can use the chemical Luminol to show latent traces of blood. Where large quantities of blood are present‚ an expert in blood spatter analysis can examine the patterns and size of the bloody areas to determine information such as the trajectory of the blood. This data can help
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Clin Chem Lab Med 2012;50(11):2061–2063 © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. DOI 10.1515/cclm-2012-0228 Letter to the Editor Homocysteine‚ folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in females with severe acne vulgaris Megha K. Arora1‚*‚ Shashi Seth2 and Surabhi Dayal3 1 Department of Biochemistry‚ LHMC and Associated Hospitals‚ New Delhi‚ India 2 Department of Biochemistry‚ Pt B.D. Sharma‚ UHS‚ Rohtak‚ Haryana‚ India 3 Department of Dermatology‚ Venereology and Leprology‚ Pt
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The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum is an interesting microbe that has used as a powerful model organism for biomedical and pharmacological studies. This eukaryote model‚ which has been used to study basic cell function and multicellular development‚ undergoes a 24-h asexual life cycle comprised of both single-cell and multicellular phases. As a result‚ it is an excellent system for studying a variety of cellular and developmental processes such as‚ chemotaxsis‚ lysosome function and signaling
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Sherlock Holmes Influencing Modern Science [pic] Sherlock Holmes was a fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Sherlock Holmes was a London detective who was famous for his master disguises and his intellectual ability to solve difficult crime cases. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle gave Sherlock Holmes many different ways to solve crimes such as fingerprinting‚ ballistics and handwriting analysis in order to determine the identity of the suspect. In the early 1900’s‚ solving a crime
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Isolation of exosomes from human serum The initial volume of serum for the experiments was 4 mL per sample. The samples were diluted with an equal volume of PBS (AppliChem‚ St. Louis‚ MO) to decrease the viscosity. The diluted serum samples were centrifuged at 2‚000×g for 10 min and 10‚000×g for 30 min at 4 °C to remove dead cells and cell debris. The supernatant was transferred into Ultra-ClearTM tubes (Beckman Coulter‚ Indianapolis‚ IN) and centrifuged at 100‚000×g using a Beckman Optima XL-70
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the luminescent substrates of the luminous reactions (luciferin) are the evolutionary core of most systems‚ while luciferases‚ the enzymes catalyzing the photogenic oxidation of the luciferin‚ serve to optimize the expression of the endogenous chemiluminescent properties
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Intracellular free calcium levels: Intracellular free calcium levels were estimated according to the method of Luo and Shi (Luo and Shi‚ 2005). Briefly‚ hippocampi were isolated from mice brains and subjected to hippocampal cells isolation as described later. The cells obtained were incubated with Fura-2 AM at 37°C with gentle shaking. The fura-2 loaded suspension was centrifuged for 10 minutes‚ pellet was washed once with Ca2+-free buffer and was centrifuged again. Aliquots of the washed suspension
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Why is it there? EVIDENCE Examples of evidence – physical items‚ blood spatter‚ (blood impressions/transfer) trace‚ hair‚ fiber‚ DNA‚ shoe/tire impression‚ fingerprint‚ ballistics‚ GSR (stippling‚ electronic- cellphones‚ alternate light sources/luminol‚ etc. Wound dynamics (i.e. gun‚ cut‚ blunt force‚ asphyxia Manner of death (autopsy) Anything at the scene WHERE WE STARTS In most instances the actor is gone What do we know! – Evidence at the scene‚ statements gathered Victomology! (Who did that
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