UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *4308315385* CHEMISTRY Paper 2 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name in the spaces at the top of this page. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may need to use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction
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measurement of the acidity of something—in this case‚ your soil. In a nutshell‚ the pH is the comparative measure of hydrogen and hydroxide ions present. At neutral pH 7‚ there are equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. A soil pH measurement below 7 is considered acidic and contains more hydrogen ions. Soil pH above 7 is alkaline and contains more negatively charged hydroxide ions. The soil pH is an important number to know because it determines the availability of almost all essential plant nutrients
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SEMESTER- I PRACTICAL- I VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS The method to determine the exact amount of the substance in a given sample is termed as quantitative analysis volumetric analysis is a branch of quantitative analysis involving accurate measurement of volumes of reacting solutions. The volumetric analysis is very much in use due to simplicity rapidity accuracy and wide applicability. The reacting substances are taken in the form of solutions and made to react. The concentration of one solution is
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mineral acids commonly found in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid‚ sulphuric acid and nitric acid. 3. Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery. 4. The common alkalis found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide solution‚ potassium hydroxide solution‚ calcium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution. 10.2 Acid-Alkali Indicators 1. An acid-alkali indicator shows different colours in acids and alkalis. It can be used to test acids and alkalis. 2. Natural indicators can be made
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Chapter I Problem and its Background A. Introduction Chelating agent is a compound that combines with metal ions to form stable ring structures. It is used to reduce the concentration of free metal ion in solution by complexing it. From the Greek term “chela” that means “the great claw” of the lobster or other crustaceans‚ chelate‚ root word for “chelating”‚ suggests the way in which an organic compound “clamps” onto the cationic element‚ which it chelates. In order for a compound to be
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of the following problems‚ write complete chemical equations to describe the chemical process taking place. Important note: There are a few physical processes on this sheet – You can’t write an equation for a physical process! 1) When lithium hydroxide pellets are added to a solution of sulfuric acid (dihydrogen sulfate)‚ lithium sulfate and water are formed. 2) When dirty water is boiled for purification purposes‚ the temperature is brought up to 1000 C for 15 minutes. 3) If a copper coil
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meter at various soil water ratios and with or without calcium chloride. Method and Materials Samples of sedentary soil‚ 3:2 soil‚ sand‚ organic matter and compost‚ 100ml vials(x12)‚ bottle of distilled water‚ analytical balance‚ pH meter‚ 2 buffer solution of known pH‚ 0.25M calcium chloride solution. Results Table 1- Average pH measurement for the given soil/water ratio in both without 0.01M calcium chloride and with 0.01M calcium chloride for different soil types. Note: The groups
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0.02519 M | 0.02519 M | 0.02519 M | [IO3-] | 0.0254 M | 0.0231 M | 0.0285 M | 0.0249 M | 0.0209 M | [Cu2+] | 1.66 x 10-2 M | 1.61 x 10-2 M | 1.76 x 10-2 M | 2.38 x 10-2 M | 3.58 x 10-2 M | Ksp | 1.07 x 10-5 | 8.59 x 10-6 | 1.43 x 10-5 | 1.48 x 10-5 | 7.48 x 10-4 | Class Data Group | Trial 1 (Ksp) | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Trial 4 | Trial 5 | Molly and Brooke | 1.07 x 10-5 | 8.59 x 10-6 | 1.43 x 10-5 | 1.48 x 10-5 | 7.48 x 10-4 | Casey and Marissa | 4.60 x 10-6 | 8.00 x 10-6 | 9.24 x 10-6
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Stoichiometry Practice Problems Be sure to balance all equations before you start calculating! Answer key is at the end. 1) Lithium hydroxide reacts with hydrobromic acid to produce lithium bromide and water. If you start with ten grams of lithium hydroxide‚ how many grams of lithium bromide will be produced? 2) Ethylene (C2H4 ) reacts with oxygen gas to produce carbon dioxide and water. If you start with 45 grams of ethylene‚ how many grams of carbon dioxide will be produced?
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sparingly soluble salt is used. The dissociation reaction is KHC4H4O6 (s) ⇌ K+ (aq) + HC4H4O6- (aq) and the solubility product constant‚ Ksp‚ expression can be written as Ksp = [K+][HC4H4O6-] As KHC4H4O6 dissociates‚ it gives the same amount of HC4H4O6- and K+ ions‚ so the Ksp expression may be rewritten as the square of [HC4H4O6-]‚ i.e. Ksp = [HC4H4O6-]2 The hydrogen tartrate ion‚ HC4H4O6-‚ acts as a weak monoprotic acid. The concentration of HC4H4O6- can be determined by titrating
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