identify trends of reactivity down the Group-2 Equipment required: 2 x250 cm3 beaker Funnel 2x boiling tubes Crucible tongs Calcium granules Magnesium ribbon Magnesium powder Spatula Universal Indicator Thermal mat Filter paper Safety: Wear eye protection. Magnesium and calcium are highly flammable. Calcium hydroxide is an irritant. Group 2 elements Calcium Strontium Magnesium Beryllium Barium Radium Introduction: The Group 2 elements are all metals with a shiny‚ silvery-white
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Calculations 5 – 6 6. Discussion 7 7. Conclusion 7 8. References 8 1. SYNOPSIS The purpose of this experiment is to use the back titration method to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in toothpaste. Instead of using standard titration methods where an acid is titrated directly using a standard solution of a base‚ back titration is used because the sample to be analysed‚ CaCO3 does not dissolve in water. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are the reagents used in this experiment
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Reactants potassium ferricyanide | Olive Green | sodium phosphate | Colorless | sodium sulfate | Colorless | sodium hydroxide | Colorless | sodium chloride | Colorless | sodium carbonate | Colorless | potassium nitrate | Colorless | magnesium nitrate | Colorless | iron (III) nitrate | Yellowish Hue | zinc nitrate | Colorless | copper (II) nitrate | Bluish Hue | calcium nitrate | Colorless | Pre-Lab Questions: A double replacement reaction is a chemical reaction that usually takes
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Acid Base And Salt Acid Acids:- The word ‘Acid’ came from Latin word ‘Acidus or Acere’ which means sour. Sour taste is the most common characteristic of acid. Acid turns blue litmus paper red. There are many substances which contain acid and hence taste sour‚ such as curd‚ tamarind‚ lemon‚ etc. Types of Acids:- Acids are divided into two types on the basis of their occurrence – Natural acids and Mineral acids. Natural Acid:- Acids which are obtained from natural sources are called natural
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Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera. Limestone makes up about 10% of the total volume of all sedimentary rocks. The solubility of limestone in water and weak acid solutions leads to karst landscapes‚ in which water erodes the limestone over thousands to millions of years. Most cave systems are through limestone bedrock. Limestone has numerous uses‚ including
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of a paste of calcium hydroxide for 48 hours. Group B samples were immersed in Morinda citrifolia juice for 15 minutes followed by an application of a paste of Morinda citrifolia for 48 hours. After 48 hours the microhardness of the specimens was measured again‚ using the same test. Results: The reduction in the hardness of the root dentin was found to be lesser when they were immersed in Morinda citrifolia‚ as compared to immersion in a combination of NaOCl and Ca(OH)2. Conclusion: When used as
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PRACTICALS) Q4.How would you distinguish between the following: a)Calcium nitrate and lead nitrate using ammonium hydroxide Ans: Add ammonium hydroxide to the given substance‚ calcium nitrate does not form any ppt. with ammonium hydroxide. But lead nitrate forms chalky white ppt. With ammonium hydroxide b)Calcium nitrate and lead nitrate using sodium hydroxide solution Ans: Add sodium hydroxide to the given substance‚ Calcium nitrate forms milky white ppt. which is insoluble in excess. Lead
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constant (always >1 ‚ formation of the complex is highly favorable) Complex ion formation increases the solubility of sol ids in water. Example: Calculate the solubility of AgCl (1.6 x 10 + -10 ) in 1.0 M NH3 . AgCl A g + Cl - Ksp = 1.6 x 10 Ag + 2NH3 A g(NH3 )2 + Kf = 1 .5 x 10 + + AgCl + 2NH3 Ag(NH3 )2 + Cl - K = 2 .4 x 10 -10 7 -3 then: Complex Ion • a c harged species in which a central metal (transition) ion is bonded to molecules
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HKDSE Chemistry – A Modern View 1 (SAMPLE) Suggested Answers (Coursebook) |Chapter 1 The fundamentals of chemistry | |Class Practice |1 | |Chapter Exercises |3 | |Chapter 2 The atmosphere
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The Semiconductor Industry: Reduction of Fluoride Waste Streams Submitted by Y. Smith Prepared for Dr. Alvarez Webster University 09 May 2011 CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author. I have cited all sources from which I used data‚ ideas‚ or words‚ either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. The Semiconductor Industry: Fluoride Waste Streams Fluoride is a fairly common
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