react (withdrawal reflex from pain) 1 1/3/2013 Components of Reflex Arc 1. Receptor: site of stimulus 2. Sensory neuron: transmits afferent impulse to central nervous system (CNS) 3. Integration center: one or more synapses in CNS 4. Motor neuron: conducts efferent impulse to effector 5. Effector: muscle/glands respond to impulses Monosynaptic & Polysynaptic Spinal Reflex Arcs Spinal reflexes: initiated & completed at spinal cord level without involvement of higher brain centers
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Nervous systems consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves) Brain is divided into 3 major areas 1. Cerebrum Pairs of lobes 2. Brain stem 3. Cerebellum Four lobes are: Frontal-largest lobe‚ concentration‚ abstract thought‚ information storage‚ memory and motor function‚ Broca’s area (motor control of speech)‚ affect‚ judgement‚ personality and inhibitions Parietal- sensory lobe‚ analyzes sensory information
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neuromuscular irritability for conduction of nerve impulses‚ regulation of acid-base balance (through sodium bicarbonate and sodium phosphate)‚ participation in cellular chemical reactions and membrane transport. * Potassium: K+ 3.5-5.0 mmol/L: Potassium maintains the osmotic balance of the ICF space. Potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte and contributes to many important cellular functions including the transmission of nerve impulses. As the predominant ICF ion‚ it exerts a major
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University of Phoenix Material Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet Below you will see two columns: Brain Structure and Function(s). Items listed under the column‚ “Brain Structure” will list a region of the brain‚ while items under the column titled “Function(s)” will describe the general behavior‚ skill‚ and/or activity of the associated brain structure. Fill in the blank for each of the statements below‚ either listing the brain structure responsible for the function described‚ or providing
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and single‚ long axons that branch only at the ends. Neurons may be classified by the direction in which they carry nerve impulses. Afferent‚ or sensory‚ neurons carry nerve impulses to the brain or spinal cord. A stimulus may initiate the impulses directly in an afferent neuron. The body also has many sensitive cells called receptors that react easily to stimuli and initiate impulses in the afferent neurons with which they are in contact. There are many types of headaches; some can be serious but
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1. Introduction: Modifying the human body or enhancing our cognitive abilities using technology has been a long-time dream for many people. An increasing amount of research tries to link the human brain with machines allowing humans to control their environment through their thoughts. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s‚ but it wasn’t until the mid-1990s that the first working experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation‚ early working implants in humans now
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peripheral nervous system is often referred to as the ‘reactor’ within the human body‚ as this includes the sensory and motor nerves‚ connecting the CNS with the sense organs‚ glands and muscles within the body. The foundation within the central nervous system is the neuron; neurons are cells within the body which specialise within a specific area. Neurons which are nerve cells are specifically used to transmit‚ and carry information throughout the body. Neurons are used to transmit by electrical
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Chapter 5 Outline •Sensation is the detection of physical energy from the environment which weencode as neural signals. •When we organize and interpret our sensations‚ it is known as perception •The beginning level of sensory analysis is also known as bottom- up processing •Top-down processing is the information processing guided by higher-level mental processes‚ as when someone constructs perceptions drawing on our experienceand expectations. •Bottom up processing is sensory analysis that begins
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Exercise 3: Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Activity 1: The Resting Membrane Potential Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. What is the approximate concentration of K+ inside a typical cell (intracellular concentration)? You correctly answered: a. 150 mM 2. What is the approximate concentration of K+ outside a cell (extracellular concentration)? You correctly answered: b. 5 mM 3. What is the approximate concentration of Na+ inside
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THE SENSES Hilgard morgan and Sartain explain that there are more than eight senses that we use to explore and learn about the world.Each of these senses has a specific sense organ within which are receptor cells or receiving mechanisms that are sensitive to certain stimuli in the environment. The Eye Is the organ of vision‚ is sometimes compared to a camera lens because it works roughly the same way as the latter which focuses images of objects at various distances o the film as it
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