Cell wall is a fairly rigid‚ protective and supportive layer surrounding the cell external to plasma membrane of plants‚ bacteria‚ archaea‚ fungi and algae. It is absent in animals and most protists. It was first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665. It is not an entirely rigid structure as the cell wall expands due to the growth of the cell. It varies in thickness from o.1mm to I0mm.in most of the cells‚ cell wall is present from the very beginning to the last‚ but in slime molds (myxomycetes)
Premium Cell wall
“Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things” (Genetics Home Reference‚ 2015)‚ cells are the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. They are responsible for the conversion of nutrients from food into energy‚ the structure of the body and perform specialised functions for each different organelle. There are two main types of cells‚ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic. The Prokaryotic (see appendix one) is a single-celled organism without a membrane-bound structure‚ meaning
Premium Cell Protein Organelle
organelles and their functions: • Nucleus: the control center o Holds all of cell’s genetic information o Makes decisions about cell needs • Ribosome: the factory o Synthesizes proteins • Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum o Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. • Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum o Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. • Golgi Apparatus: the post office o Tags and ships packages to their destinations • Mitochondria: the power house o Produces ATP for the cell’s activities
Premium Cell DNA Gene
The Endocrine System The endocrine system regulates the functioning of every cell‚ tissue‚ and organ in the body. It acts to maintain a stable internal body environment‚ regardless of changes occurring within or outside of the body. Endocrine cells have the ability to sense and respond to changes via the excretion of specific chemicals known as hormones. The endocrine system is one of the body’s two major communication systems‚ the nervous system being the other. Communication within the nervous
Premium Signal transduction Hormone Endocrine system
Paper-1 1. Non-chordata and Chordata: (a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses: Acoelomate and Coelomate‚ Protostomes and Deuterostomes‚ Bilateria and Radiata; Status of Protista‚ Parazoa‚ Onychophora and Hemichordata; Symmetry. (b) Protozoa: Locomotion‚ nutrition‚ reproduction‚ sex; General features and life history of Paramaecium‚ Monocystis‚ Plasmodium and Leishmania. (c) Porifera: Skeleton‚ canal system and reproduction. (d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism‚ defensive
Premium DNA Genetics
© B IOLOGY 20 5 0 L ECTURE N OTES – A NA TOMY & P HYSIOLOGY I (A. I MHOLTZ ) – I NTRO TO H UMAN A&P – P 1 OF 2 This course is a study of “Human Anatomy and Physiology.” Humans can be classified as: - Animals (we are multicellular‚ motile organisms that lack cell walls) - Vertebrates (we have backbones) - Mammals (we have hair‚ mammary glands‚ 3 bones in each ear) - Primates (we have opposable thumbs‚ 2 clavicles‚ forward facing eyes) - Hominids
Premium Feedback Organelle Blood
AS Biology - Unit 1 ------------------------------------------------- Metabolism Metabolism is a term to describe all reaction which is taking place within a cell and is separated into two types which are * anabolic = compounds being built up * catabolic = compounds being broken down ------------------------------------------------- Water The water molecule is a molecule which is made up from 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. It is bounded by 2 covalent bonds and has is polar.
Premium Organism Energy Metabolism
are combined with the rRNA to form the subunits of ribosomes‚ which exit the nuclear envelope throughnuclear pores. Ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize polypeptides using information transferred to the DNA by mRNA. Endomembrane System The endoplasmic
Premium Cell Cell membrane
Introduction and Chemistry of Life Anatomy: the study of structure or shape of body parts and their relationship to each other. Physiology: the study of function (how the parts work) Levels of structural organization: There is a hierarchy of structural complexity‚ beginning with the simplest or chemical level and culminating with the highest level-the whole organism Chemical level – atoms (and their parts)‚ and combinations of atoms called molecures Cellular level – cells are the basic structural
Premium Atom Protein Covalent bond
Neuroscience: Neurotransmitters (small molecule and neuroactive)‚ storage release removal and disease. 1. The brain is made up of neurons that process and transmit information by electrochemical signaling. Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which relay‚ amplify‚ and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell. Chemical messengers must fulfill four criteria to be considered a transmitter. These four steps include the synthesis of a transmitter substance‚ the storage and release of
Premium Neuron Nervous system Action potential