Exam #1 Chapter 1: The Nature of Stress · According to the definitions of stress‚ identify the components of which stress is comprised. (pg 8)) 1. A stressor or some sort of demand‚ pressure‚ situation‚ or event 2. our perception of that stressor 3. an emotional reactions 4. a psychiological reaction · Describe the two types of stress and the two types of distress. (pg 9) Eustress and Distress are 2 types Distress: public speaking‚ abusive relationship · Describe the Yerkes-Dodson Principle
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mineralcorticoids - Aldosterone Zona Fasiculata glucocorticoids – Cortisol (synergist)‚ allows glucagon to work – sugar-preserving hormone Zona Reticularis gonadocorticoids - Androgens Medulla: Catecholamines: stressor hormones Epinephrine Norepinephrine Osteoporosis – reduction in the mass of the bone – Lots of questions! Calcium regulation – Lots of questions! PTH & Calcitonin responsible for calcium regulation in the body * Calcium important for nerve transmission‚ muscle
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over the past three decades suggest that central neurotransmitters play a key role in the modulation of aggression in all mammalian species including humans. Specific neurotransmitters systems involved in aggression include serotonin‚ dopamine‚ norepinephrine‚ GABA‚ and neuropeptides such as vasopressin and oxytocin. Neurotransmitters not only help to execute basic behavioral components but also serve to modulate these preexisting behavioral states by amplifying or reducing their effects (Clinical
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The Soothing Sensation That is Bath Salts Introduction “Oh yeah‚ me and my girlfriend have a big bag of lavender bath salts sitting at home‚” was the initial reaction when I asked a fellow engineer to portray as a testimonial for our borderline inappropriate bath salts infomercial. Contrary to popular belief‚ this new synthetic drug is far away from producing any effects that are similar to that of a relaxing bath. Until recently‚ bath salts were popularized to be a “legal high.” In order to tip
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behavior as examples relevant to each of the three primary domains. Some researchers now believe that when an individual’s sympathetic nervous system remains aroused after trauma‚ that leads to higher levels of the neurochemicals dopamine‚ norepinephrine‚ and epinephrine in his or her brain. Normally those three neurochemicals (together called catecholamines) help memories form by maintaining the body at a high level of arousal. If cortisol fails to adequately shut them down‚ a person’s traumatic memories
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Endorphins are a type of opioid released in our brain as a pain reliever. As a very strong inhibitory neurotransmitter‚ endorphin works with dopamine in the reward system in the brain. It decreases the heartbeat‚ respiration and metabolism. Norepinephrine works with dopamine as a companion for the fight-flight system. It is responsible of alertness‚ arousal‚ stress and the command to the endocrine system for the adrenaline
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cholinergic agonist that decreases the HR. 12. What was the heart rate after treatment with atropine Ans: 70 Bpm with atropine. 13. Are the effects of pilocarpine and atropine the same or opposite? Ans: Opposite 14. Same question with epinephrine? Ans: 80 Bpm with epinephrine. 15. Did this effect prediction?
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Some theories of abnormal affect take a nature perspective whereas others take a nurture perspective. Use evidence to justify why either nature/nurture is more important in explaining abnormal affect. [12] The nature/nurture debate is concerned with the extent to which particular aspects of behavior are a product of either inherited (i.e. genetic) or acquired (i.e. learned) characteristics. Nature is that which is inherited / genetic. Nurture which refers to all environmental influences after
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However‚ a chemical imbalance in the neurotransmitters in the brain appear to play a major role in their development. Abnormalities in the regulation of the neurotransmitters are believed to cause mood alteration‚ particularly dys-regulation in norepinephrine‚ serotonin and dopamine. NIMH (2009) also list gender as another major risk factor for mood disorders‚ particularly depressive disorders. With women having nearly twice as much risk of developing major depression as men. It is believed that hormones
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Chapter 7 Review Mood disorders I. DEPRESSION AND MANIA ARE THE KEY EMOTIONS IN MOOD DISORDERS: A. Depression—a low‚ sad state in which life seems dark and its challenges overwhelming B. Mania—a state of breathless euphoria or frenzied energy C. Most people with a mood disorder experience only depression 1. This pattern is called unipolar depression 2. There is no history of mania 3. Mood returns to normal when depression lifts D. Others experience periods of mania that alternate with
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