Chemistry Exam Study Sheet Organic Chemistry • Study of compounds to which carbon is the principal element. • Carbon is special because it has 4 bonds. Functional Groups • Organic substances are organized into organic families. • Organic Families – group of organic compounds with common structural features. o Each family has a recognizable physical property and a specific structural arrangement. o Each combination is referred to as a functional group. o Even
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CHOONG SHING YI CHOONG SHING YI Preparation and Recrystallization of Aspirin Preparation and Recrystallization of Aspirin Date of the experiment: 9 May 2013 Date of submission: 23 May 2012 Date of the experiment: 9 May 2013 Date of submission: 23 May 2012 Synopsis 1. General Objective: To familiarize with the preparation of some simple organic compound and purify the compound by recrystallization. Specific Objective: The experiment is carried
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introduce a specific odor. Basic ingredients in air fresheners typically include formaldehyde‚ aerosol propellant‚ petroleum distillates‚ and p-dichlorobenzene. Air freshener preparations often also include terpenes such as limonene. Aldehydes‚ ketones‚ esters‚ alcohols and other synthetic fragrances are also used. A report issued in 2005 by the Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs (BEUC) found that many air freshener products emit allergens and toxic air pollutants including benzene‚ formaldehyde
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In addition to a very good example; forming an ester is possible by reacting Grignard reagent with alpha-monochloroether. Grignard reagents could be used in forming many different compounds such as acid anhydrides‚ acids‚ alkyl cyanides‚ primary amines‚ alkyl halides‚ Thioalcohols‚ sulphuric acids and
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---- R-C-O-Na+ + R’OH Ester(fat) + base(caustic soda) ---- salt of fatty acid(soap) + alcohol(glycerol). Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) can be used instead of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)but is more expensive. The base used to come from wood ash containing potassium carbonate which formed potash as this was not plentiful it made soap a luxury. The cheapest source of the ester is animal and vegetable fats and oils. H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H-H
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Through the story you can see how hard Colonel worked to get where he was. Through the story Colonel falls in love with a woman named Ester. Colonel was always protected always felt safe. The reason
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SUMMARY OF ORGANIC REACTIONS SECTION 1 - ALIPHATIC Aldehydes and ketones |Type of reaction |Mechanism | |1. oxidation (aldehydes only): aldehyde ( carboxylic acid |n/a | | | | |reagents: potassium
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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Peptide synthesis – chemistry and modifications Peptides and proteins exhibit the largest structural and functional variation of all classes of biologically active macromolecules. Biological functions as diverse as sexual maturation and reproduction‚ enzyme inhibition‚ blood pressure regulation‚ glucose metabolism‚ thermal control‚ analgesia and learning and memory are now thought to be regulated by peptides. Peptide synthesis chemistry Synthetic peptides are valuable tools in analysis of
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In the IUPAC system of nomenclature‚ functional groups are normally designated in one of two ways. The presence of the function may be indicated by a characteristic suffix and a location number. This is common for the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds which have the respective suffixes ene and yne. Halogens‚ on the other hand‚ do not have a suffix and are named as substituents‚ for example: (CH3)2C=CHCHClCH3 is 4-chloro-2-methyl-2-pentene. If you are uncertain about the IUPAC rules for nomenclature
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