1. Describe the function of the immune system. Function: protect body from pathogens + foreign objects‚ destroy infected or malignant cells‚ and remove cellular debris. System includes: thymus‚ spleen‚ lymph nodes and tissues‚ stem cells‚ white blood cells‚ antibodies. 2. Compare innate and acquired immunity‚ and how they differ in terms of how quickly they attack a pathogen‚ and how they recognize a pathogen. Innate immunity- immediate defense upon infection and foundation for adaptive
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References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‚ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/revb/gastro.norovirus.htm Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) August 13‚2010/ 50(31);973-979 Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks--- United State‚ 2007 Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmrwhtml/mm5931a1.htm Robert Price (2010) WCBD TV News 2 Charleston‚ SC DHEC confirms Norovirus outbreak at nursing home. Retrieved from http://www2.counton2.
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the white blood cells including T cells and B cells bind to the antigen. Antigens are chemicals released from invading pathogens or toxins. The binding of antigen to the antigen receptors of T cells or B cells help activate and secrete antibodies to bind to the antigen receptor protein on the membrane of a pathogen. The binding of antibodies to a specific receptor of pathogen activates the resistance. When a B cell recognizes an antigen‚ the B cell has antigen receptors with 2 heavy chains and
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Immune System Animals are constantly bombarded by an immensely varied array of disease causing pathogens including bacteria‚ fungi‚ viruses and other parasites. The number of microbes living in the human body outnumber the actual human cells by a factor of 10‚ and for every single species of animal and plant on Earth‚ there are viruses that infect them. With the unrelenting threat of disease-causing pathogens all around us‚ and even within us‚ how can the constantly vulnerable organisms defend themselves
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Infections That Are Caused By Pathogens Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases are called pathogens. They are specialised to infect the human body tissues where they reproduce and cause damage that gives rise to the symptoms of the infection although this may happen the body is very good at repairing itself as the body fights back by mobilising its immune system to fight of the infection. Infection is an invasion by a multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or
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surrounding them‚ or some may be genetic. Pathogens are micro-organisms which cause disease some bacteria‚ fungi and all viruses are pathogens. Pathogens enter our bodies through various methods such as breaks in the skin‚ the digestive system‚ and respiratory system. Pathogens can survive in many conditions such as in the air and in water and can be passed on in this way‚ examples such as; the common cold virus is airborne and cholera bacteria are waterborne. Pathogens can thrive in unhygienic conditions
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Biology Revision Notes Biochemical Tests: Proteins - add biurettes reagent to the sample. If protein is present‚ clear colour change from blue to purple. Reducing Sugars – add Benedict’s reagent to the sample. Heat in Bunsen or water bath. If reducing sugars are present‚ clear colour changes from blue -> orange red precipitate. Lipids – dissolve sample in ethanol. Slowly pour the solution into the water slowly. If lipids are present a white emulation forms on the surface. Starch – add iodine
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The University of Texas at San Antonio has had an outbreak‚ but nobody knows what pathogen is to blame. The infirmary has been filled with students seeking help. Sue is 18 and is one of the students in the university and she’s been feeling quite ill. Her roommate Jill and their acquaintances Maggie and Maria have been feeling sick as well. Anthony‚ Maria’s friend‚ has lately noticed that he has been very tired while he is reporting the school games for the school paper. Arnie‚ a fellow peer of Anthony
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vessels and returns the fluid to the circulatory system Pathogen- Disease Causing Agent Vector- animal that carries pathogens from person to person Bacteria- domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan Virus- particle made up of nucleic acid‚ protein‚ and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells Capsid- outer protein coat of a virus Antibody- protein that helps destroy pathogens Antibiotic- compound that blocks the growth and reproduction
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Lesson 7.01: Nervous and Endocrine Systems Explain how the two parts of the nervous system work together Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System The PNS carries impulses in and out of the CNS Identify the major parts of the brain Cerebrum(remembering‚ thinking‚ feeling)‚ Cerebellum(coordination‚ balance)‚ brain stem(breathing‚ digestion‚ heart rate) Describe the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems CNS: made up of the brain and spinal cord
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