are several other lesser-known mechanisms of generating NADPH‚ all of which depend on the presence of mitochondria. The key enzymes in these processes are: NADP-linked malic enzyme‚ NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase‚ and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase.[2] The isocitrate dehydrogenase mechanism appears to be the major source of NADPH in fat and possibly also liver cells.[1] Also in mitochondria‚ NADH kinase produces NADPH and ADP using NADH and ATP as substrate.
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Chloroform‚ Acetone and Methanol) for sequential extraction. First of all plant materials were soaked in Hexane for 2-3 days with regular stirring. The mixture was then filtered by using Whatman No. 4 filter paper in to a glass beaker. 300ml of other solvent‚ Chloroform‚ was then added in the residue for 2-3 days. Similarly the mixture was filtered by using whatman No. 4 filter paper. After chloroform‚ Acetone and Methanol were added in residue for sequential extraction. Solvents; Hexane‚ Chloroform
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Biology Q. 1. Biological organisation starts with: a. Atomic level b. Submicroscopic molecular level c. Cellular level d. Organismic level Sol. Correct choice: (2) Q. 2. About 98 percent of the mass of every living organism is composed of just six elements including carbon‚ hydrogen‚ nitrogen‚ oxygen and: a. calcium and phosphorous b. phosphorus and sulphur c. sulphur and magnesium d. magnesium and sodium Sol. Correct choice: (1) Q. 3. Which one of the following is an example of negative
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Drug and Alcohol Traffic Awareness NOTES (DATA) Final exam is 40 questions; need to get 32 correct to pass. Physiological Factors Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for all people from 6 to 33 years of age. The easiest way to group drugs and alcohol is by their similarities. Classifications and a few more common examples are as follows: central nervous system depressants (alcohol‚ sleeping pills‚ tranquilizers) ‚ central nervous system stimulants (nicotine‚ cocaine‚ amphetamines)
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Homeostasis literally means “same state” and it refers to the process of keeping the internal body environment in a steady state‚ when the external environment is changed. The importance of this cannot be over-stressed‚ as it allows enzymes etc to be ‘fine-tuned’ to a particular set of conditions‚ and so to operate more efficiently. Much of the hormone system and autonomic nervous systems is dedicated to homeostasis‚ and their action is coordinated by the hypothalamus. In Module 2 we saw how
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Cellular respiration is defined as a complex process in which food molecules are broken down to harvest chemical energy which is then stored in the chemical bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is usually decided by the metabolic exercise and the equivalent amount of ATP discharge. As long as the extracellular O2 pressure surpass a demanding value ranging from 3-6 torr‚ studies have proof that cellular oxygen uptake stay permanently autonomous of oxygen tension. When the carbon-hydrogen bonds
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A chemical that is used every day by almost every person around the world is ethylene glycol. Many people know this chemical by its common name of antifreeze‚ but it is also used as a solvent and in hydraulic brake fluids. This liquid chemical is clear and colorless with primary threats to the environment through penetrations of soil and groundwater systems. Ethylene glycol can also cause acute and chronic health problems if exposed to. (Ethylene Glycol) There are three main routes of exposure
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(2014) is some characteristics of enterics such as they all degrade sugars by means of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway‚ they produce plasmid-encoded proteins and that some of them perform mixed acid fermentation‚ some use enzyme systems like formate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) The first thing that had to be done was the streak plating to isolate the bacterium‚ then the next lab multiple tests were ran to help identify which bacterium was in the sample. One of the most important tests
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Protocol for Lab 5 – Aerobic Respiration Part 1 Isolation of Mitochondria from Cauliflower - Weigh 50g of rosettes cut from fresh cauliflower head. - Cut rosettes and place it on ice - Prepare juice extractor by placing ice and an empty 150 ml beaker into the right compartment. - Collect pulp from left compartment and record total volume of the extract. Approx. 20ml - Filter the pulp using six layered cheese cloth and collect it in a beaker sitting on ice. - Place two 50 ml test tubes
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DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Mouth -the oral cavity or the mouth contains salivary glands that secrete a wide range of enzymes to aid the first step of metabolism of food. The salivary gland secretes the enzyme lysozyme which has an antibacterial action. The enzymes secreted by the mouth mainly provide protection against bacteria. Betaine helps to maintain a fluid balance inside the mouth. The lists of digestive enzymes secreted by the oral cavity are mentioned in the table. Enzymes
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