Chapter 3 The Body I. The cell The cell is the basic unit of life in our bodies. It has many “little organs” in them called organelles. Organelles have very specific functions. One example of an organelle is the mitochondria. Cells require nutrients and get rid of waste and live and die- just like us. II. Tissues‚ organs‚ organ systems Cells group together and form _____________________________ Some examples are: Tissues group together and form
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What is metabolism? All living things must have an unceasing supply of energy and matter. The transformation of this energy and matter within the body is called metabolism. Metabolism includes two different types: catabolism and anabolism. Catabolism is destructive metabolism. Typically‚ in catabolism‚ larger organic molecules are broken down into smaller constituents. This usually occurs with the release of energy. Anabolism is constructive metabolism. Typically‚ in anabolism‚ small precursor
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getting rid of waste‚ but consuming proteins from vegetables or fish can be a healthier alternative. Also if you consume too much protein it will be converted to glucose or ketone bodies and if the body is low on energy demand it will be stored as glycogen and fat‚ which will cause weight gain (Pesta and Varman 3). Diets high in protein such as the Whole 30 have many benefits when it comes to weight loss people must be aware of the effects that it may cause in the
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Carboloading is the process of eating minimal carbohydrates around a week before a competition‚ then around 3 days before eating lots of carbohydrates (if not only). This replenishes the body’ glycogen stores‚ and top them up with more. A marathon runner might use this because during their event they rely on their glycogen stores‚ so by adding a little bit more‚ their performance will become better. 6. Why is protein important
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Alpha cells and Beta cells. Alpha cells detect when the blood glucose falls below 70 mg/dl and release glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose as to increase blood glucose. In contrast‚ Beta cells detect when the blood glucose rises above 110 mg/dl and releases insulin. Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen which is stored until needed as to decrease blood
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of cilia and flagella. They are also involved with cell division. Ribosomes are assembled in the nucleoli. The nucleolus is a spherical area within the cell nucleus. 5. Which of the following is NOT considered an inclusion? a. Pigment b. Glycogen c. Lipid d. Secretory granules e.
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are limited and rapidly depleted. One molecule of CP produces _1___ ATP. 6. Glucose is a major source of energy for synthesizing ATP. List the two sources of glucose: 1. _directly from the blood________________________ 2. _by hydrolysis of glycogen stored in the muscle cell__ 7. _glycolysis ___________ is the process that breaks down glucose. Name two products of the breakdown of glucose: 1. __2 ATP_______________________ 2. __ 2 pyruvic acid_______________________ If oxygen is not
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Aspartame Cellulose Cyclamate Dental caries Dietary fiber Diverticula Diverticulitis Diverticulosis Epinephrine Fasting hypoglycemia Fiber Fermentation Fructose Functional fiber Galactose Glucagon Glycemic index (GI) Glycemic load (GL) Glycogen Glucose Gums Hemorrhoid Hemicellulose Hyperglycemia Hypoglycemia Insulin Invert sugar Ketone bodies Ketosis Lactase Lactose Lactose intolerance Lactose maldigestion Lignins Maltase Maltitol Maltose Mannitol Metabolic syndrome
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groups: monosaccharide‚ disaccharides‚ oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. * Monosaccharides include Glucose‚ Fructose‚ and Galactose etc. * Disaccharides include Sucrose‚ Maltose‚ and Lactose etc. * Polysaccharides include Starch‚ Glycogen‚ Cellulose and Chitin. * Aldehydes (–CHO) and ketones (= CO) are active groups or functional groups in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates contain many hydroxyl groups as well * Monosaccharidecontain the free aldehyde or
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homeostasis of calcium levels in the blood. 16. Insulin and glucagon help to keep the level of glucose in the blood stable. Insulin stimulates cells in the liver and muscles to remove sugar from the blood and store it as glycogen or fat. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose back into the blood. It also stimulates the release of fatty acids from stored fats. 17. The sodium-potassium pump in the neuron cell membrane uses the energy of ATP to pump Na+ out of the cell and
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