Homeostasis by definition is the technical term for the process of maintaining a constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment. The internal environment comprises of blood‚ tissue fluid‚ body cell contents and all metabolic processes taking place inside the body. This process is essential to the survival of a person and to our species as a whole. The liver‚ the kidneys‚ and the brain (hypothalamus‚ the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system) help maintain
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Quiz Chapter 13: How Cells Obtain Energy From Food . The energy released by oxidizing glucose is saved in high energy bonds of: ATP and other activated carrier molecues 2. Sugars derived from food are broken down by: glycolysis‚ the citric acid cycle‚ and oxidative phosphorylation 3. Catabolism: a breakdown process in which enzymes degrade complex molecules into simpler ones 4. The digestion of polymeric food molecules into monomeric subunits occurs in: extracellular space (i.g. lumen of
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ususally in the fast-twitch muscle fibers that are activated with resistance training. Ligaments and tendons also become stronger and thicker due to resistance training.Training increases the resting levels of anaerobic substrates such as PCr‚ATP‚ glycogen and free creatine The increase in total contractile protein and energy substrates in resistance trained muscle fibers occurs without a parallel increase in capillarization‚ volume of mitochondria‚ or number of mitochondrial enzymes. In fact the ratio
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be minimal & we should boost the quantity of _nutrients_‚ calcium & vitamin C that we consume. Carbohydrates are the most important as they give us _glycogen_ quickly & efficiently. Fats & proteins also provide us with energy but not as well. Glycogen made from carbohydrates is stored in the _artery_‚ muscles & the blood. Intense exercise _burns_ carbohydrate quickly so it is an important part of a sports person’s diet. Any carbohydrate we don’t use is _stored_ as fat on our body. Fats are important
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT’S SURVIVAL GUIDE Second Edition HIRAM F. GILBERT‚ Ph.D. Professor of Biochemistry Baylor College of Medicine Houston‚ Texas McGraw-Hill Health Professions Division New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto • • • • • • • • • • • • BASIC CONCEPTS IN BIOCHEMISTRY‚ 2/E Copyright © 2000‚ 1992 by the McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. All rights
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does to metabolize energy. To obtain this fuel‚ we consume food. Foods we eat made up nutrients and fuel substrates consisting of fat‚ protein‚ carbohydrates. Carbohydrates‚ when broken down‚ create glucose that is for energy or stored‚ turns into glycogen‚ when not in immediate use. Fat is broken down to triglycerides to be used for metabolic energy‚ and stored as fat when not in immediate use. Protein breaks down into a form of amino acids when used for energy. Carbohydrates and fat are mainly used
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function as short term energy sources. When an organism requires energy‚ the polysaccharide is broken down to release two sugar molecules (Mader‚ 2010). Plants store glucose in starch in the form of amylase and amylopectin. Animals store glucose as glycogen which is stored in the human liver and released under control of certain hormones. Lipids are another macromolecule that we commonly refer to as fats.
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Carboloading is the process of eating minimal carbohydrates around a week before a competition‚ then around 3 days before eating lots of carbohydrates (if not only). This replenishes the body’ glycogen stores‚ and top them up with more. A marathon runner might use this because during their event they rely on their glycogen stores‚ so by adding a little bit more‚ their performance will become better. 6. Why is protein important
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Alpha cells and Beta cells. Alpha cells detect when the blood glucose falls below 70 mg/dl and release glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose as to increase blood glucose. In contrast‚ Beta cells detect when the blood glucose rises above 110 mg/dl and releases insulin. Insulin stimulates the conversion of glucose into glycogen which is stored until needed as to decrease blood
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of cilia and flagella. They are also involved with cell division. Ribosomes are assembled in the nucleoli. The nucleolus is a spherical area within the cell nucleus. 5. Which of the following is NOT considered an inclusion? a. Pigment b. Glycogen c. Lipid d. Secretory granules e.
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