NUR ASHIKIN BINTI MANSHOR DHM12-05112094 TUTORIAL DIGESTION SYSTEM OF CARBOHYDRATE Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption Basically‚ digestion of carbohydrate involves conversion of the large molecules of carbohydrates like di-saccharides and polysaccharides into simple mono-saccharide molecules which can be easily absorbed by the body. The first step of digestion is the moment we put the food in mouth. As we chew the food‚ the saliva released by the salivary glands of the mouth starts
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malnutrition are the main causes of fever. FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION Factors affecting nutrition during fever are as follows: *Increase in temperature during fever increases the rate of metabolism in the body. * Energy is stored as glycogen in the body. Amount of glycogen is gradually depleted in fever. *Loss of tissues in fever leads to increased demand of proteins. * Acute deficiency of water & minerals is caused in fever due to excessive sweating and urination. * Digestion is disturbed in
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blood. When the digestive system absorbs excess sugar in the form of glucose‚ the liver may take some of this energy and convert it into a highly compact carbohydrate called glycogen. This allows the liver to store excess sugar when it has been gone. During periods in which the digestive system is not absorbing sugar‚ the glycogen can be converted back into glucose and used to keep blood sugar levels high--even during times of hunger. PANCREAS It is part of the digestive system and produces important
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system. Glycogen which is stored in your muscles is broken down into glucose to be used as an energy source for the contractions in the muscles. ATP plays a role in this system as well as it converts the glycogen into glucose. This specific energy system is an example of anaerobic respiration as it does not require oxygen like the creatine phosphate system. When the ATP-PCr system fades after 10 seconds‚ the lactic acid system is introduced. Anaerobic glycolysis then occurs which sees glycogen being
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releases insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken into the cells of your body where it is used for energy. It also allows glucose to be converted to glycogen which is stored in the liver and muscles. When your blood sugar levels fall below the ideal level your pancreas releases another hormone called glucagon. Glucagon makes your liver break down glycogen‚ converting it back into glucose which can be used by the cells for
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Exam #2 Review Sheet Chapter 9 Understand the relationship between body composition‚ age‚ gender & fluid Fluid composition of tissue varies by: Tissue type: lean tissues have higher fluid content than fat tissues Gender: males have more lean tissue and therefore more body fluid than females Age: decrease in body water results partly from loss of lean tissue as people age Understand how fluid is distributed in the body (intracellular vs. extracellular) Intercellular : distributed within
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Laforin Isoform creates the protein tyrosine phosphatase. It is important to maintain an appropriate amount of tyrosine because it is essential for many cellular functions The disease is caused by mutations of the EMP2A gene‚ .As a consequence‚ maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. Tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases stimulate the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue‚ using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme
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formed) -Maltose‚ Lactose‚ Sucrose ~ polysaccharides polymers of carbohydrates‚ three or more monosaccharides joined together through the process of dehydration synthesis. -Cellulose‚ Glycogen‚ Starch 3.2.4 Glucose-chemical fuel for cell respiration Lactose- makes up some of the slutes in milk Glycogen- stores glucose in liver and muscles. PLANTS Fructose- found in may fruits‚ makest them sweet Sucrose- often transported from leaves of plants to other locations in plants by vascular
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y Sensory neuron Hypothalamus Neurosecretory cell Posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin ( ) Neurosecretory cell Hy pothalamus Blood v essel secretes prolactinreleasing hormone ( ) Blood v essel Target effectors Liv er Response Glycogen breakdown‚ glucose release into blood Target effectors Smooth muscle in breast Endocrine cell Anterior pituitary secretes prolactin ( ) (a) Simple endocrine pathway (b) Response Milk release Blood v essel Homeostasis
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colour does it turn in presence of starch and glycogen? Starch: yellow --> blue-black (amylase in starch reacts with iodine) Glycogen: yellow --> reddish-brown (due to the multi-branched component) 5) How do plants and animals store simple sugar glucose? In the form of polysaccharides. In plants‚ starch is the polysaccharide with glucose units linked by glycosidic bonds. Glycogen‚ in animals‚ is a larger polymer. 6) How do starch and glycogen differ? Molecular weight‚ overall shape and
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