How long this energy supply lasts depends on the length and intensity of exercise and can range anywhere from 30 to 90 minutes or more. To avoid running out of energy during exercise‚ start with full glycogen stores‚ replenish them during exercise and refill them after exercise to be ready for the next
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What are the central ideas of Cells? • What are cells? – Cells are the smallest basic unit of living things. • What do they do? – Cells take in raw materials and making new substances. • Why do they do this? – In cells‚ organelles carry out activities to keep the organism alive. – E.g. synthesising proteins and fats‚ releasing energy from glucose. What are the central ideas of Movement of Substances? • What processes describe how substances move from one region to another? –
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One molecule of CP produces one ATP. 6. Glucose is a major source of energy for synthesizing ATP. List the two sources of glucose: 1. Glucose enters the muscle cell directly from the blood. 2. Glucose is produced by hydrolysis of glycogen stored in the muscle cell. 7. Glycolysis is the process that breaks down glucose. Name two products of the breakdown of glucose: 1. Two ATP molecules 2. Pyruvic acid If oxygen is not available‚ pyruvic acid is
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THE GREAT METABOLIC RACE INTRODUCTION During exercise‚ carbohydrates and lipids are required in order to provide energy for the working body. The inherent reduced nature of these compounds allows for partial or complete oxidation in extracting energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The varying chemical structure of the macromolecules evokes different processes for their complete utilisation. This paper seeks to expound on the mobilisation of these fuels‚ the biochemical pathways that
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the primary fuel used for high-intensity‚ short-duration activities such as the weight lifting Anaerobic glycolytic pathway - uses muscle glycogen and glucose without oxygen. This supports exercise lasting 60–180 sex and is used during a single 30-s sprint Oxidative pathway fuels events lasting longer than 2–3 min‚ energy come from muscle and liver glycogen‚ fat and protein. Used in exercise such as 1500- m run‚ marathon‚ BODY COMPOSITION Body composition and body weight are two of the many
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Pituitary Anterior – Located in the base of the brain attached to the hypothalamus. Growth Hormone(GH) – Stimulates an increase in size and rate of division of body cells; enhances movement of amino acids through membranes; promotes growth of long bones. Prolactin (PRL) – Sustains milk production after birth; amplifies effect of LH in males. Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) – Controls secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) – Controls secretion of certain
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Case 1: Hereditary fructose intolerance Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical activity. Their three dimensional structure determines their function‚ and is made of chains of amino acids that have folded into a specific shape with a unique property. Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction‚ therefore speeding up the process. Multiple enzymes work together in metabolic pathways‚ taking a product (end result) of one metabolic reaction as a substrate (substance
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Homeostasis The conditions inside our body must be very carefully controlled if the body is to function effectively. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment. The nervous system and hormones are responsible for this. One example of homeostasis is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood being carefully controlled. Here are some of the other internal conditions that are regulated: Body temperature This is controlled to maintain the temperature at which the
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Introduction: In Musculoskeletal system‚ during large amounts of physical activity the muscle will encounter fatigue‚ as a result of depletion of muscle glycogen or because of interruption of blood flow during contractions of the muscle as well the lack of oxygenation it provides to the muscles. To test this theory we will compare the time it take for the index finger and the muscles around it to reach fatigue after a variation of excises. We will compare these results in Mann (2014) to see how
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link together to form a disaccharide . the bond between them is a glycosidic linkage formed in a condensation reaction 4. Starch is a polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin. Its main function is as a storage carbohydrate‚ starch and glycogen are suitable for this function because there are insoluble and compact. 5. A triglyceride composed of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids 6. A triglyceride is formed from a condensation reaction called esterification 7. Fatty acids
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