The Five Major Compounds That Make Up the Human Body The human body is one of the most complex and fascinating things on this planet. There are five major groups of compounds that compose the human body. These are carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ nucleotides‚ and water. These compounds are all very important to humans and without them humans would not be able to survive. Compounds have many functions that encourage a human cell and a human body to function. Compounds are pure substances
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Human Physiology Exam 1 Part 2 Study Guide Chapter 1 Define homeostasis * Maintenance of constant conditions in the internal environment. Composition‚ temperature and volume of extracellular fluid do not change significantly under normal conditions Know the components of a homeostatic control mechanism * Regulated Variable- Regulated to stay within relatively narrow limits * Set Point- normal desire value * Error Signal- difference between the actual value and the set point
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SBI4U – CHAPTER ONE TEST – PART A – Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the essential characteristic of a polar molecule? a) contains double or triple bonds b) is formed at extremely low temperatures c) contains ions as part of the structure d) has an asymmetrical distribution of electrical charge e) contains the element oxygen 2. Isomers are molecules that a) react readily with one another b) have the same molecular formula c) have different molecular masses d) differ
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The Biological Importance of Water for Living Organisms Water is made up of two elements‚ 2 positively charged hydrogen molecules and one negatively charged oxygen molecule. Water molecules have uneven charge distribution as one end of the molecule is slightly positive and the other slightly negative‚ this is called polar. Ionic substances such as sodium chloride dissolve easily in water because the positively and negatively charged ions are separated due to the dipole nature of water. As water
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calculate the percentage yield of substance by esterification. Introduction: When a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol‚ the products are water and ester. The overall reaction is reversible and slow‚ as soon as the products begin to form‚ hydrolysis a reverse reaction of esterification occurs. To ensure the reaction is complete an acid catalyst is commonly used. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. This experiment covered 4 techniques; they are distillation‚ refluxing‚ extraction
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step‚ Micheal addition takes place to an α‚β-unsaturated ketone. Enolate is formed and tautomerization takes place for further reaction. Cyclization takes place. That is‚ aldol condensation reaction to form six-membered cyclic product. Further hydrolysis results in the formation of α‚β-unsaturated cyclic ketones For example 1‚ consider the following reaction : Example 1 Mechanism of the Robinson Annulation The first step in the process is the Michael Addition to an α‚β-unsaturated ketone
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These are usually sugars‚ but it is possible to buy sugar-free sweets‚ such as sugar-free peppermints. Most common is the disaccharide sucrose. Hydrolysis of sucrose gives a mixture called invert sugar‚ which is sweeter and is also a common ingredient. Finally confectioneries‚ especially commercial ones‚ are sweetened by a variety of syrups obtained by hydrolysis of starch‚ these include corn syrup.[5] (CADBURY) PACKING Cadbury SA’s chocolate products’ marketing seems to be an ongoing SA case study
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S/0380/48‚ CAS Number:8047-15-2) were powdered and analyzed as potassium bromide (KBr) pellets using FTIR (Model-JASCO FT/IR 4100 LE‚ made in Japan; Range: 4000-400 cm-1) Prabhu et al. (2013). Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis: Acid hydrolysis of saponin was carried out according to the method described by Metwally et al. (2012) with some modification. Saponin was hydrolyzed with 2 N HCL (6 hr at 100 o C) under reflux‚ the residue was evaporated and the mixture was dissolved in water
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excellent solvent for the cell? What is stepwise polymerization? Know the four major macromolecules and their roles in cell biology Know the proper subunits of each macromolecule (i.e. sugar subunits form polysaccharides). What are condensation and hydrolysis reactions? Which is considered anabolic? Catabolic? ATP and NADH are examples of……? What is the difference between strict and assisted self-assembly. Lecture 5 Know the different non-covalent interactions/bonds involved in protein stabilization
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Common Introduction: -Beer-Lambert Law found by Beer August and Johann Heinrich Lambert is the linear relationship between the attenuation of light and concentration of the material through which the light is travelling. It states the absorbance is proportional to the concentration when a parallel beam of monochromatic radiation of equal pathlength is passing through a homogenous concentration. A=εbc‚ where A is absorbance‚ ε is molar absorptivity (L molˉ1cmˉ1)‚ b is the pathlength (1cm) and c
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