of Reactivity: (fastest to slowest) - Phenol‚ Nitrophenol‚ Acetanilide‚ Benzene‚ Chlorobenzene‚ Aniline - A reaction has occurred if there’s a change in color. The nature of the substituent‚ whether electron-donating to the ring or electron-withdrawing from the ring‚ was responsible for the reactivity of the benzene. Aniline and acetanilide contain amine groups‚ which are electron-donating. Chlorobenzene contains chlorine‚ which is electron-withdrawing. Phenol contains a hydroxyl group. Oxygen‚ being
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absorbance of a solution. A standard curve was experimentally created in this experiment using 10mL solutions of phenol red with concentrations 10µM‚ 7.5 µM‚ 5.0 µM and 2.5 µM then the absorbance of each sample was measured using a spectrophotometer. This generated curve with resulting average absorbances of 1.273nm‚ 1.0275nm‚ 0.585nm‚ 0.285nm and 0.124nm provided a means to determine the phenol red concentrations of two unknown samples after experimentally identifying the absorbance of the two samples
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reaction occurred correctly and that 1-bromobutane was formed‚ infrared spectroscopy as well as halide tests were performed on the product. Infrared spectroscopy works on the basis that different covalent bonds of molecules can stretch and bend. These bonds can undergo vibrations which require energy that corresponds directly with the energy absorbed from infrared radiation. Consequently‚ each bond will absorb different spectrums of infrared radiation. The
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ACYL COMPOUNDS: SOAPS AND DETERGENTS Experiment # 8 I. Objectives To observe the general properties of carboxylic acids. To compare the acidity of carboxylic acids and phenols. To verify experimentally the interconversion among acyl compounds. To become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of fats and oils and to understand the chemical basis of these properties. To learn how to prepare soap. To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents. II. Data and
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Colorimetric determination of pH. Indicator Lower pH Color pH Range Higher pH Color Thymol blue Red 1.2 - 2.8 Yellow Bromophenol blue Yellow 3.0 - 4.6 Purple Chlorophenol red Yellow 4.8 - 6.4 Violet Bromothymol blue Yellow 6.0 - 7.6 Blue Phenol red Yellow 6.8 - 8.4 Red In this experiment‚ the colorimetric comparison was done using McIlvaine buffers which contain a citrate and a phosphate‚ using citric acid and Na2HPO4 stock solutions‚ to measure pH of an unknown in a wide range. Buffer
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Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions‚ creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride‚ acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly‚ an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate‚ which is also an analgesic. In this experiment‚ we shall use
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The strain of C. testosteroni bdq06 (NCBI No. KM277791) was isolated from active sludge in the 86 wastewater treatment plant of Jilin Petrochemical Company (China) and cultured in a mineral medium as 87 described previously with quinoline as the sole carbon‚ nitrogen and energy source(Geng‚ et al.‚ 2015). It 88 has the ability to completely degrade quinoline into carbon dioxide and water‚ and convert nitrogen in 89 pyridine ring into ammonia‚ nor into nitrite(Geng‚ et al.‚ 2015). 90 91 2.2. Reactor
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stock culture to prevent the shortage of slants during performing the series of tests. Kliger’s Iron Agar tests can be used to determine multiple characteristics of unknown microorganism #17. Kliger’s Iron Agar slants also contains a pH indicator‚ phenol red‚ which can be used to test the presence of fermentation. If there is a glucose or lactose fermentation‚ the acid will be produced‚ and the color will change from red to yellow. If there is only glucose fermentation‚ the slant will have a yellow
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"CHEMISTRY REVIEW" PROJECT PAGES This Project Page first appeared in the November 1996 issue of Chemistry Review‚ Volume 6‚ Number 2‚ Pages 14 and 15. Chemistry Review is published four times during the academic year by Philip Allan Updates and is a journal for post-16 students. It contains a variety of interesting and colourful articles aimed at 16-19 year-olds taking mainly AS and A2 courses in chemistry. NOTE: Project Page is designed to help you think about your investigation. It is not
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1. Introduction The Hubble Space telescope has been Orbiting the Earth for over two decades‚ Hubble has helped to answer some of the most compelling astronomical questions of our time – and uncovered mysteries we never knew existed. Investigating everything from black holes to planets around other stars‚ Hubble has changed the face of astronomy‚ ushering in a new chapter of humanity’s exploration of the universe. Although named to honor astronomer Edwin Hubble‚ the telescope was championed by
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