with alkenes. SAFETY Eye protection must be worn. Concentrated phosphoric acid is corrosive. Mop up spillages immediately with plenty of water. Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are highly flammable. Keep away from naked flames. Anhydrous calcium chloride is an irritant. PREPARATION 1) Weigh out between 9 and 10 grams of cyclohexanol directly into a 250cm3 round-bottomed‚ quickfit flask. Record accurately the mass of alcohol
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solution‚ and catalysts will be tested to determine how they influence the rate of reaction. Materials: 1. Goggles 2. Powdered calcium carbonate (CaCO3) 3. Metal scoop 4. Marble chips 5. Cold water 6. Hot water 7. Room temperature water 8. 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) 9. 3 M HCl 10. Iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) 11. Sodium chloride (NaCl) 12. Calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) 13. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) 14. 0.3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution 15. 8 test tubes 16. Test tube rack 17. 3 250mL
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from the reaction‚ and is catalyzed by shaking‚ or heating. This gas is the cause of the pressure buildup within the flask‚ as well as the bubbles. The last step in removing all of the water from the distillate is a process called drying. Sodium Chloride and sulfate is used in the drying procedure because the sodium will dissolve in the water‚ causing the stranded water molecules in the organic layer to diffuse out of the product. One way to increase the yield of isopentyl acetate could be to use
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similar chemical properties. Chemical principle Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a dull gray‚ silver solid under standard conditions. Calcium atoms have an electron configuration of (2‚ 8‚ 8‚ 2) and 2 outermost shell electrons. Calcium is in group 2 and period 4 of the periodic table. Calcium commonly forms the cation Ca2+ by donating 2 electrons‚ reaching a stable electron configuration. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal. Magnesium is a chemical
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Some of it’s common uses are in cooking‚ chlorine‚ and soda. Sodium Chloride is commonly found as a white or transparent solid. Salt forms ionic bonds and it’s molecular weight is 58.442769 g/mol. Salts boiling point is 1465 °C and its melting point is 800.7 °C. Some hazards include water retention‚ dehydration‚ and hypertension
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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Hydrogen is recognized as the simplest and lightest chemical element in the periodic table; even though it is identified as one of the top elements in abundance in the world (consisting of 0.9 percent of the total mass on earth)‚ it is considered to be the most abundant element in the entire universe. It is a gaseous element with the atomic symbol being H. It is usually categorized under the first group of the periodic table known as the alkali metals. It contains only one electron that revolves
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commercial vehicles and emergency vehicles. Salt is used as the principal deicer because it is the most available and cost-effective deicer. Rock salt is preferred because it is cheap and effective. It costs 20 dollars a ton where as an alternative like calcium magnesium cost around 700 dollars a ton. Some 10 million tons of deicing salt is used each year in the U.S. and about 3 million in Canada. Salt is used to keep snow and ice from bonding to the pavement and to allow snowplows to remove. When salt
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Title:Extraction:Extraction with acid and alkaline Objective: 1. To recover benzoic acid and p-dichlorobenzene from its mixture using acid-alkaline extraction. 2. To determine the percentage recovery and melting point of benzoic acid and p-diclorobenzene. Apparatus:Separatory funnel(250mL)‚Buchner funnel‚beaker. Materials:Benzoic acid‚p-dichlorobenzene‚ether‚10% NaOH‚conc.HCl‚distilled water‚ anhydrous CaCl2. Introduction: Organic compounds in an aqueous mixture can be separated
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in 6 moles of methane Number of Molecules = moles x molecules in 1 mole = 6 x 6.02 x 1023 molecules = 3.61 x 1024 molecules Calculate the number of molecules in: (a) 0.37 moles of sulphur dioxide (b) 3.4 moles of hydrogen chloride Answers (a) 2.23 x 1023 molecules (b) 2.05 x 1024 molecules Ions Ionic compounds do not contain atoms or molecules. Instead‚ we talk about ‘formula units’ The formula unit (f.u.) is the same as the chemical formula Calculate
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