Animal experimentation‚ animal research and animal practice all generally mean the same thing. One may be more familiar with the term animal testing. Animal testing has been a controversial topic between supporters and the adversary for quite some time‚ but animal testing is wrong‚ even if it helps find cures for illnesses. Between all the strong public opinions‚ hefty fines and likelihood of the tested drugs working on humans‚ it is best if animal testing comes to an end. Animal testing came
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associated assignment link. Activity 1: Heart Sounds 1. What is the cardiac cycle? The cardiac cycle is one complete heart beat. During the cycle each atrium and ventricle will contract and relax once. THe contraction of the chamber is called systole and the relaxation is called diastole. The average heart has approximately 70-75 heartbeats per minute‚ each cycle lasting just under a second. 2. Explain the steps of a cardiac cycle. Ventricular filling: Happens during diastole‚ when the ventricles
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___ventricular repolarization_____ Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Action Potential 1. How do the waves of depolarization‚ generated by the autorhythmic cells spread to the muscle cells? _____via gap junctions______ 2. Depolarizing current from the autorhythmic cells causes the ventricular muscle cells to ___contract___. 3. If the sodium channel or the fast calcium channels are open‚ the inside of the cell would be relatively more ___positive___. 4. The pacemaker potential is due to a/an (decreased or increased)
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anesthetics‚ followed by the invention of syringes‚ and the development of the first vaccines. The 1900s introduced a plethora of medical inventions and discoveries. The electrocardiograph was invented‚ insulin for diabetic patients‚ penicillin‚ cardiac pacemakers‚ and even the first transplant of a human heart occurred in this century. In recent years‚ we have seen the cloning of a sheep‚ cures for most sexually transmitted infections‚ and even a vaccine that targets cervical cancer. As modern medicine
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voltage to the heart through the chest wall in an attempt to restore the normal rhythm of the heart during ventricular fibrillation. Defibrillation is a procedure used to treat life threatening conditions that affect the rhythm of the heart such as cardiac arrhythmia‚ ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The procedure involves the delivery of an electric shock to the heart which causes depolarisation of the heart muscles and re-establishes normal conduction of the heart’s
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Abstract This paper explores Tetralogy of Fallot repair and the four defects of the heart and its major blood vessels that it includes. The first being a ventricular septal defect which is a hole between the right and left ventricles. Narrowing of the pulmonary outflow tract which is the valve and artery that connect to the heart with the lungs. Overriding aorta that is shifted over the right ventricle and ventricular septal defect instead of coming out only from the left ventricle. Lastly‚ the
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rate of contraction and relaxation of each heart beat. This means that as well as beating faster‚ the heart’s individual beats are associated with an increased volume of blood ejected into the circulation per unit time. This is called increasing cardiac output. Two or three cups of strong coffee or tea contain enough caffeine (and a similar acting compound called theobromine) to cause an increase in human heart rate of 5-20 beats/min. Ethanol: Ethanol slows heart rate. At the concentrations used
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Cited: Zajdel Yung D.‚ Thong T.‚ R. Beck Ellingson V. & Oken B. 2003. Effect Of Nicotine On Heart Rate Varibility. 923.5. White PJ & Nguyen TT. 2002. _Chronic Caffeine Treatment Causes Changes in Cardiac Adenosine Receptor Function in Rats_. 65‚3‚ 129-135. Mehta MC‚ Jain AC & Billie MD. 2001. _Combined Effects of Cocaine And Nicotine On_ _Cardiovascular Performance In a Canine Model_ Kelly Jared T.‚ Barrett Sean P.‚ Pihl Robert O.‚ & Dagher Akain
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“The structures of body systems are determined by their functions”. Discuss this statement‚ focussing on the Circulatory System. You should include diagrams and relevant examples in your essay. In order to survive it is necessary for every cell in the body to exchange materials as not all cells are in contact with the external environment; we rely on the circulatory system to do this which is composed of the heart‚ blood vessels and blood. The heart consists of four chambers two atria and two ventricles
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harming the patient. With easier detection‚ lives of women across our world are saved‚ as tumours are detected and removed. Technologies for the pacemaker used to treat cardiac patients and the remote monitoring devices for intensive care patients were derived from the telemetry system that were first used to monitor astronauts and spacecrafts. Pacemakers keep people with weak hearts alive by aiding their heart‚ which save the lives of many patients with heart problems. The remote-monitoring system
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