a resting potential based on the efflux of potassium ions (as demonstrated in Activity 1). What passive channels are likely found in the membrane of the olfactory receptor‚ in the membrane of the Pacinian corpuscle‚ and in the membrane of the free nerve ending? 2. What is meant by the term graded potential? 3. Identify which of the stimulus modalities induced the largest amplitude receptor potential in the Pacinian corpuscle. How well did the results compare with your prediction? 4. Identify which
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Law of Specific Nerve Energy Each sensory neuron carries information about only one sensation: they usually respond best to one form of stimulus energy (but other stimuli can evoke a response) It ISN’T THE NEURON‚ it’s WHERE IT GOES IN THE CNS Normal or Adequate stimulus Allows receptors to function as filters Requires the least amount of energy to start an AP Under normal conditions (no tissue injury) correct CNS interpretation of receptors 4. Nerves Nerves carry both afferent
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June 22‚ 2015 The Tired Swimmer 1. She is experiencing constant fatigue‚ blurred vision‚ eye strain‚ gasping for air‚ hand and finger aches. 2. Blurred vision and eyes strain could have to do with the optic nerve‚ headache‚ soreness and fatigue. 3. In the spinal cord there are nerves that are in charge of these involuntary functions. There is also the medullary rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata that adjusts the rate of breathing. These could be possibilities that Annies is having
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illness of varying duration of several months to years. Half of patients may have different cranial nerves involvement. In Europe‚ about a third of patients with GBS are mildly affected and they keep on walking with mild difficulty.3 Combination of rapidly progressive weakness in legs and arms‚ areflexia/hyporeflexia and protein cell
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and eye strain b. Hands ache and feel weak c. Gasping for air d. Weakness & Constant fatigue 2. Can you see any common features in Annie’s signs and symptoms? With blurred vision and eyestrain we must look at the optic nerve within the brain. From there‚ what could be causing the difficulty breathing and weakness? It must be a neurological problem involved with the synaptic centers. Since Annie is having such problems when she is working out hard and just playing around
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generates myelin‚ the fatty white layer that preserve‚ wrap‚ and insulates nerve fibers. In the CNS‚ each oligodendrocytes able to form myelin around multiple axons whereas in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)‚ each Schwann
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the nervous system. Histology of Nervous Tissue 3. List the types of neuroglia and cite their functions. 4. Define neuron‚ describe its important structural components‚ and relate each to a functional role. 5. Differentiate between a nerve and a tract‚ and between a nucleus and a ganglion. 6. Explain the importance of the myelin sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 7. Classify neurons structurally and functionally. Membrane Potentials
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concentration. Activity 2 1. The passive channels that are likely found in the membrane of the olfactory receptor are chemical‚ in the membrane of the Pacinian corpuscle are pressure‚ and in the membrane of the free nerve ending are several different modalities because the sensory end of the nerve is less specialized. 2. The term graded potential is meant to describe the amplitude of the receptor when there is an increase in stimulus intensity with an appropriate stimulus. 3. The stimulus modality that
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Drugs and the nervous system Neurotransmitters within the body include excitatory and inhibitory‚ noradrenalin‚ dopamine‚ serotonin; acetylcholine and glutamate are examples of excitatory neurotransmitters. GABA and glycine are examples of inhibitory neurotransmitters. General anaesthetics General anaesthetics act mainly on the central nervous system to stop information processing; these may be given by inhalation or intravenously. Nitrous oxide or laughing gas is used in maintain anaesthesia
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nervous system is comprised of all nerves and nerve pathways that are outside the brain and spinal cord. Neuropathy can develop gradually or suddenly‚ and symptoms vary in severity among individuals. Peripheral Neuropathy can be broadly categorized by the 1) type of nerve that has been damaged‚ 2) location of nerve damage in the body or 3) disease process that causes it. In some cases‚ the cause cannot be identified. Types: There are three main types of peripheral nerves:
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